The wetting pattern which occurs under surface drip irrigation is an important component for the optimum design of system and programming. aim this investigation was to devise a model enables estimation 2D cross-sectional area dripper by analytical method. main parameters are diameter on soil surface, maximum wetted depth width in profile, from surface. In laboratory experiments, water applicat...

Abstract Accurately estimating the soil wetting pattern that closely reflects measured value can improve water use efficiency for drip irrigation. Ignoring effect of initial content on affects accuracy estimated results to a certain extent. This research aimed develop estimation model irrigation included four easily measurable parameters (i.e., content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, total v...

Background: A properly designed drip irrigation system increases the efficiency of water and its design is based on soil wetting pattern. Methods: In this study, a numerical model has been developed using one-dimensional Richard’s Equation to simulate pattern under irrigation. fully implicit finite-difference scheme used solve governing equations with suitable initial boundary conditions. An ex...

It is not clear how various wetting agent products affect moisture distribution throughout sand-based putting green rootzones. The objective of this research was to determine how localized dry spot (LDS) incidence, and soil moisture values and uniformity were affected by the application of five commercially available wetting agents. Wetting agents were applied during the 2008 growing season and...

A theoretical and numerical model is formulated to describe the instability and the long-time evolution of both gravity-driven and surface-shear-stress-driven thin coating films. A single evolution equation, of higher-order diffusive type, models the flow for either problem. It is derived using the lubrication approximation. For partially wetting systems, the effect of finite contact angle is i...

The PRINT(®) (pattern replication in non-wetting templates) process has been developed as a simple, gentle way to pattern films or generate discrete particles in arrays out of either pure biological materials or biomolecules encapsulated within polymeric materials. Patterned films and particle arrays can be fabricated in a wide array of sizes and shapes using Fluorocur(®) (a UV-curable perfluor...