citrus tristeza virus (ctv) is among the most destructive pathogens of citrus and causes substantial economic losses in citrus-growing industry worldwide. considering recent distribution of this pathogen and its capability of transmission by existing aphid vectors in iran, detection of this virus is enforceable for controlling the damage caused by this pathogen in iran, as one of the major citr...

throughout prehistory, the cultures of iran and western asia differed in important respects. many of these differencescan be attributed to the different geographic and environmental conditions in the two regions. western iran is largely aheavily divided mountainous region with difficult access whereas mesopotamia is relatively flat and open to travel andtrade. the early holocene environment of ...

cystic echinococcosis (ce) is one of the most important parasitic zoonosis worldwide. due to the high recurrence rate of the disease after surgery, follow up of the patient is necessary. the aim of current research was to assess the performance of western blotting (wb), using sheep hydatid fluid, for serological diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of human ce.serum samples obtained from 50 ...

background : ascaridia galli , the largest nematode of small intestine of birds, especially the native poultry, may give rise to serious illness, pathological defects and economical losses even in modern poultry production systems. although various measures have been undertaken to vaccinate poultry against a.galli , no satisfactory results were obtained so far. however, there is no report on th...

objective: cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease that is causing small protozoan genus cryptosporidum and transmission take place through fecal- oral by direct contact or indirectly through food or drink. the aim of this study was detection of anti-cryptosporidum parvum immunoglobulin igg, in newborn balb/c infected with c. parvum. materials and methods: oocysts of c. parvum were obtained f...

the phenomenon of western sufi teachers is unique, not just because of the individuals themselves, though they are certainly fascinating, but because of what they represent: the flowering of the western genius, which has discovered eastern traditions, absorbed them and in the process changed them and been changed by them. this paper is a primary outline of the main contours of this phenomenon, ...