Substantial evidence suggests the behavioral relevance of social preferences and also the importance of social influence effects (“peer effects”). Yet, little is known about how peer effects and social preferences are related. In a three-person gift-exchange experiment we find causal evidence for peer effects in voluntary cooperation: agents’ efforts are positively related despite the absence o...

Despite the vast literature concerning voluntary contractions of human muscles, there has not yet been presented an adequate description of the discharges from individual nerve cells of the spinal motor horn as they participate in the production of the various movements which occur. In this paper we are presenting material which deals with the responses of those fibers in a muscle which are in-...

The influence of contraction type on the human ability to use the torque capacity of skeletal muscle during explosive efforts has not been documented. Fourteen male participants completed explosive voluntary contractions of the knee extensors in four separate conditions: concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC); and isometric at two knee angles (101°, ISO101 and 155°, ISO155). In each condition, to...

Businesses changing their practices in ways that support tobacco control efforts recently have gained interest, as demonstrated by CVS Health's voluntary policy to end tobacco sales. Point-of-sale (POS) advertisements are associated with youth smoking initiation, increased tobacco consumption, and reduced quit attempts among smokers. There is interest in encouraging retailers to limit tobacco P...

To determine whether patients with chronic airflow limitation have a specific alteration in skeletal muscle performance, the strength and endurance of inspiratory and limb muscles were compared in 11 patients with chronic airflow limitation and 11 control subjects during maximal voluntary contractions. Peak inspiratory pressure at observed functional residual capacity (FRC) was significantly le...

their extension and co-ordination. It is understood that some extension of the scope of the National Health insurance Act is contemplated, and that Hospital and Pecialist Services may be included in the sphere of ?peration of the Act. The Voluntary Hospitals in Glasgow and the West Scotland submitted a Memorandum and gave ^idence before the Committee. By the courtesy of rRobert F. Barclay this ...

WARD et al. [1] are to be congratulated on their new and important findings concerning cough in patients after stroke. They measured a large number of ventilatory parameters during voluntary and reflex cough, and compared the values in stroke patients and healthy controls. Although the relationship of voluntary cough after stroke with the risk of aspiration has been analysed extensively, this s...

We live in an increasingly interdependent world, in increasingly interdependent nations, and in increasingly interdependent communities. Our effectiveness in these societal contexts would in all probability be enhanced if we knew how to work together for the achievement of mutually-shared goals. But voluntary collaboration is an unfamiliar skill for most individuals and groups. Efforts to coope...

Abstract. Voluntary incident reports by commercial pilots provide essential data for airline efforts in learning from incidents (LFI). Because LFI is frequently limited not reporting voluntarily, we interviewed seven aviation safety experts a focus group to derive factors influencing the voluntary behavior of pilots’ self-inflicted incidents. As result, derived 36 and integrated them into motiv...