In this supplemental material, we discuss the calculation of the radio-frequency spectra arising from confinement-induced dimers and polarons in a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas. We determine the dimer binding energies, including both the tight axial confinement and the nonzero transverse confinement. We provide the probabilities for dimer-to-dimer transitions and the shape of the dimerto-scat...

During a variety of biological and technological processes, biopolymers are simultaneously subject to both confinement and external forces. Although significant efforts have gone into understanding the physics of polymers that are only confined, or only under tension, little work has been done to explore the effects of the interplay of force and confinement. Here, we study the combined effects ...

Stochastic cooling of trapped atoms is considered for a laser-beam configuration with beam waists equal or smaller than the extent of the atomic cloud. It is shown, that various effects appear due to this transverse confinement, among them heating of transverse kinetic energy. Analytical results of the cooling in dependence on size and location of the laser beam are presented for the case of a ...

We propose a scheme to implement quantum gates on any pair of trapped ions immersed in a large linear crystal, using interaction mediated by the transverse phonon modes. Compared with the conventional approaches based on the longitudinal phonon modes, this scheme is much less sensitive to ion heating and thermal motion outside of the Lamb-Dicke limit thanks to the stronger confinement in the tr...

We report on the numerical analysis of the electrical and optical properties of current-injected III-nitride based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with three types of current confinement schemes: the conventional planar-indium tin oxide (ITO) type, the AlN-buried type without ITO, and the hybrid type. The proposed hybrid structure, which combines an ITO layer and an intracavity...

Numerical results for the calculation of the (rest-frame) QQ̄ potential, for light-front quantized QCD2+1 on a ⊥ lattice are presented. Both in the longitudinal as well as the ⊥ spatial directions one obtains linear confinement. The resulting potential is almost rotational symmetric. Light-front (LF) quantization is the most physical approach to calculating parton distributions on the basis of Q...

In an atom interferometry experiment, the output phase shift depends on wave vector of photons and recoil momentum in optical transitions. This Letter puts forward a hypothesis that light-atom interaction, function could provide transverse confinement to thus affect mean momentum. We propose model analyze photon effective monochromatic field calculate relative $|{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarr...