Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq's Arabic translation of Galen's commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics is an invaluable source for our knowledge of Galenic medicine and its transmission history, not least because much of it is extant only in Arabic. Its importance for the Arabic medical tradition is amply attested in the later medical literature. It also tells us much about the methods and self-image of cont...

  Translation of the Holy Quran can be difficult for translators in terms of accuracy and translatability. Sometimes translators fail to render the Quranic thoughts because of the lack of language features in target languages. This results in an unfavorable interpretation. One of the challenging aspects of translating Quran is reference switching as rhetorical devices, which are widespread i...

This study examines the translation techniques used in Arabic, Indonesian, and English languages. One of studies textual equivalence involves information structure Themes (starting point speech) Rheme (new information). Mapping source language text (SL) will assist translator determining flow identifying type genre both target text. Thus, research problems can be stated as follows: (1) what for...

Researchers, international traders, and politicians necessitate a common interactive language to deal and keep their work secure. Using a direct language translator enables customers to deal with others, each one uses his own mother languages. This machine fulfills security, and confidence. The translation machines include in their memories, databases for synonyms, and vocabularies for the bila...

1. introduction in recent years, thanks to efforts made by such scholars as maria tymoczko, translation studies has started a movement towards reacting to euro-centrism in the discipline. the movement stresses the necessity for internationalization of translation theory and the significance of taking into account translation traditions all over the world. the authors of the present paper do bel...

persian-hebrew texts are written in hebrew orthography. their records go back to the period before the essential books about drugs’ nature, the first persian text in arabic orthography by abu mansour mowaffaq herawi which was inscribed by assadi tousi in 447 a.h. therefore, it seems very important to scrutinize such texts for the study of persian language. one of the most important samples of p...

Abstract The needs of persons with disabilities are still being undermined even though have proven to be productive members the community when given right education, support, and tools. Assistive devices designed, developed, sold provide tools able become members. With advent new technologies, software development has also concentrated on disabilities. widespread software’s especially mobile de...