The immediate goals of our study were twofold: (1) we sought to create a natural resource baseline for each of the communities in the area of investigation by utilizing GIS technology to monitor land use activities, to inventory plant and animal habitats as well as cultural resource features, and to redefine territorial boundaries. This technical analysis was then used by the tribes to plan for...

ENEMY PHENOMENON IN SOUTHERN RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS. Kenzie Medley, Biology. Faculty Advisor: Dr. Alicia Mathis The “dear enemy” hypothesis states that a territory owner shows reduced aggression toward a neighbor once territorial boundaries are established. Neighbors that do not restrict their activity to the agreed upon territory boundaries can be characterized as “cheaters” and might be subje...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ovariohysterectomy on vocalization during territorial aggression of German Shepherd dogs. Sixteen clinically healthy dogs of 5 to 10 months old were assigned randomly to one of two groups: ovariohysterectomy or control. Their behaviors and vocalizations induced by the approach of a strange with a strange dog were recorded using digital cam...

Roads present formidable barriers to dispersal. We examine movements of two highly mobile carnivores across the Ventura Freeway near Los Angeles, one of the busiest highways in the United States. The two species, bobcats and coyotes, can disappear from habitats isolated and fragmented by roads, and their ability to disperse across the Ventura Freeway tests the limits of vertebrates to overcome ...

The Boundaries are important in maintaining national stability and security. Conflicts over territorial boundaries common, both between countries provinces regencies/cities. This is one of the issues that have escaped attention government so various disputes arise community political elite at border. conflicts occur more caused by triggering factor boundary disputes, which general not been reso...

Limb development is a complex process involving precise control of both patterning and growth. Great strides have been made in understanding limb morphogenesis and identifying essential patterning genes in Drosophila. Differential expression of these genes divides the future limb into territories, which will give rise to different regions of the adult appendage. Recent analyses have defined the...

Background: Foraging movements of animals shape their efficiency in finding food and their exposure to the environment while doing so. Our goal was to test the optimal foraging theory prediction that territorial acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) should forage closer to their ‘central place’ in years of high resource availability and further afield when resources are less available. We...