BACKGROUND Keratinocytes are the major constituent of epithelial cells at skin and mucosal surfaces such as oral mucosa. In our previous study, it was indicated that oral keratinocytes play active roles in oral mucosal adaptive immune response and an IL-alpha sub-network was identified. In the past decades IL-1, a revolutionarily ancient cytokine, has attracted our attention for its important r...

objective(s): prostaglandins have been shown to mediate the gastro-protective effect of sodium hydrosulfide (nahs) but effect of nahs on mrna expression of prostaglandin e2 receptors (ep1, 3-4; eps) has not been investigated. therefore, this study designed to evaluate the effect of nahs on mrna expression of eps receptors in response to mucosal acidification and distention-induced gastric acid ...

Edible vaccines are sub-unit vaccines where the selected genes are introduced into the plants and the transgenic plant is then induced to manufacture the encoded protein. Edible vaccines are mucosal targeted vaccines where stimulation of both systematic and mucosal immune network takes place. Foods under study include potatoes, bananas, lettuce, rice, wheat, soybean, corn and legumes. Edible va...

Angioedema is the swelling of mucosal and sub-mucosal tissue. Typically, it manifests as the swelling of the face, lips, and tongue. Angioedema can be severe and life threatening when it involves the respiratory tract. Drug induced allergic angioedema and drug induced non-allergic angioedema differ in their mediator, their clinical presentations, and their management. In drug induced non-allerg...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The EndoRotor(®) is a novel, non-thermal, automated mechanical endoscopic resection system designed to remove benign mucosal neoplastic tissue throughout the gastrointestinal tract. It uses suction pressure to pull in mucosa and rapidly and precisely cut it while automatically transporting the samples to a collection trap for later histologic evaluation. PATIENTS AND...

Ricin toxin's binding subunit (RTB) is a galactose-/N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNac)-specific lectin that mediates uptake and intracellular trafficking of ricin within mammalian cells. Structurally, RTB consists of two globular domains, each divided into three homologous sub-domains (α, β, γ). In this report, we describe five new murine IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against RTB: MH3, 8A1, ...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a global health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. An effective HIV-1 vaccine is therefore badly required to mitigate this ever-expanding problem. Since HIV-1 infects its host through the mucosal surface, a vaccine for the virus needs to trigger mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. Oral, attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccines offer this potenti...