Introduetion Apple proliferation (AP) is one of the most economically important phytoplasmal diseases in Europe. It seriously impairs fruit size, yield, and vigor of the trees. AP was first reported in northern Italy (Rui et al., 1950). In the following decades, the occurrence of AP was reported from most European countries. Due to its transmissibility by grafting, the disease was initially tho...

an increasing world population and the competitive nature of the stone fruit market, particularly nectarines [(prunus persica var. nectarine)], demand the selection of fruit with high quality attributes, flavor, and a wide range of maturity. information on this subject is limited at the present time. in search of superior nectarines, a trial was conducted to study growing degree days (gdd), ful...

bacterial canker of stone fruit trees caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae has become widespread throughout most fruit growing areas of iran (abbasi et al 2013). to evaluate the diversity of the strains and possible species inciting the disease in the central areas of the country, surveys were made in 2014 and 2015 in some central provinces including charmahal-and-bakhtiary, isfahan, qum...

black meristematic fungi are cosmopolitan and able to adapt to extreme fluctuations of ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and moisture and grow in exposed habitats such as stone surfaces. in a survey on fungi associated with fruit rots, leaf spots, canker, gummosis, dieback and trunk diseases of grapevine and walnut trees in kurdistan province (iran), some black meristematic fungal isolates re...

The propagation of light in stone fruit tissue was modeled using the Monte Carlo (MC) method. Peaches were used as the representative model of stone fruits. The effects of the fruit core and the skin on light transport features in the peaches were assessed. It is suggested that the skin, flesh and core should be separately considered with different parameters to accurately simulate light propag...

Diagnosis and detection are key aspects related to plant health status. A critical review of the available diagnostic methods utilised for Agrobacterium rhizogenes and A. tumefaciens, Pseudomonas amygdali, P. syringae pv. mors-prunorum, P. syringae pv. persicae, P. syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the main pathogens of the stone fruit trees, is presented. As there is ...

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Transgenic trees currently are being produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and biolistics. Since trees are particularly suited for long-term evaluations of the impact of the technology, Prunus subhirtella autumno rosa (PAR) was chosen as model fruit tree species and transformed with a reporter gene (uidA) under the control of the 35S promoter. Using Southern and GUS fluorometric tec...

abstract disease incidence and favorable condition on disease severity is evaluated. w. carpophilus isolated of infected orchards. for fungus overwintering method in buildup were carried out bud washing by centrifuge and spot culturing on nutrient mediums. evaluation of shot hole in different areas showed that cultivars response to this disease is fixed inside of a climate but it is differ in d...