introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

Runting was produced by homologous spleen or lymph node cell suspensions, but not by isologous spleen or homologous liver or kidney cell suspensions. The incidence of runting (a) varied with the particular strain combination employed, (b) increased with increased dose of foreign cells, and (c) decreased as the time interval between birth and inoculation with foreign cells was increased. A focal...

The purpose of the study is to analyze changes in internal organs golden mullet specious caught May 2022 scientific expeditions western part Caspian Sea. Mature mullets were examined. species weighed and measured. There made 152 histological sections 10 (liver, spleen, gills, ovaries, muscles). studied 3-4 years old. collected samples processed by classical techniques. According results conduct...

Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV Ⅱ) causes a variety of fish hemorrhagic disease, which seriously affects the sustainable development grass aquaculture in China. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is an ideal model to study pathogenesis GCRV Ⅱ. To investigate involved molecular responses against infection, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis spleen and liver rare injected with vir...

The spleen is involved in fluid volume regulation, immune responses, and hematopoiesis. Yet, the composition of the fluid phase within the spleen microenviroment, the migratory routes of lymphocytes as well as the splenic response to bacterial endotoxin is incomplete. To address these issues, we isolated postnodal lymph in rats by cannulating an efferent lymphatic draining the spleen, and asses...