BACKGROUND The distribution of birth intervals can be used to draw attention to important characteristics of dynamics of fertility process. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of socioeconomic, demographic and proximate determinants on the length of birth intervals of women of Bangladesh and also to see whether the effects are changed over the years. METHODS Birth inter...

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the lit...

The spacing effect describes the robust phenomenon whereby memory is enhanced when learning events are distributed, instead of being presented in succession. We investigated the effect of spacing on children's memory and category induction. Three-year-old children were presented with two tasks, a memory task and a category induction task. In the memory task, identical instances of an object wer...

Lattice-Boltzmann models are also state-based models with update rules that are to be applied in a synchronous fashion. Although rectangular lattices are computationally convenient, they impose difficulties in achieving isotropic flow behavior. Therefore, we start with a hexagonal lattice of nodes in the plane: We assume a lattice spacing (the distance to the next node), λ, a time step, τ, unit...

In the visual cortex of the monkey the horizontal organization of the preferred orientations of orientation-selective cells follows two opposing rules: 1) neighbors tend to have similar orientation preferences, and 2) many different orientations are observed in a local region. Several orientation models which satisfy these constraints are found to differ in the spacing and the topological index...

This paper is intended to evaluate the wall effects in the pure-drag case of plane cavity flow past an arbitrary body held in a closed tunnel, and to establish a n accurate correction rule. The three theoretical models in common use, namely, the open-wake, Riabouchinsky and re-entrant-jet models, are employed t o provide solutions in the form of some functional equations. From these theoretical...

Many scholars have argued that deliberate birth spacing may have played a role before and during the modern fertility transition. There are good historical and theoretical reasons for this view, but it has proved to be hard to demonstrate convincingly that birth intervals were in fact partly determined by attempts at deliberate fertility control. This paper suggests a method of securing evidenc...

We propose a mean-field method to calculate approximately the spacing distribution functions p((n))(s) in one-dimensional classical many-particle systems. We compare our method with two other commonly used methods, the independent interval approximation and the extended Wigner surmise. In our mean-field approach, p((n))(s) is calculated from a set of Langevin equations, which are decoupled by u...