Although direct evidence is unavailable, indirect evidence strongly suggests that the risk of extracellular (EC) volume expansion increases with long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Long-term PD patients routinely develop loss of residual renal function (RRF) and often develop increased rates of peritoneal solute transport. Loss of RRF is associated with hypervolemia and increased risk of death....

Increased peritoneal clearance can compensate for reductions in renal solute removal in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD); however there is abundant evidence to suggest that renal rather than peritoneal clearance contributes to clinical outcomes. We review the evidence investigating the impact of residual renal function (RRF) and peritoneal solute clearances on survival and quality of...

INTRODUCTION: Solute transport within the intervertebral disc is critical for the disc functions. Small molecular-weight solutes, such as glucose, lactate and oxygen, are the components of the nutrient supply and the metabolic waste removal. Molecular weight of enzymes and chemical drugs for the disc therapy are usually within the order of thousands of Dalton. Larger solutes such as cytokines (...

The removal mechanisms of three hormone mimicking organic compounds by nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been examined. Two NF membranes having different pore sizes were used in laboratory-scale nanofiltration experiments with feed solutions spiked with a hormone mimicking compound—nonylphenol, tertbutylphenol, or bisphenol A. Retention of the compounds was determined at various solution chemi...

Wastewater treatment is gaining importance because of increasing awareness about health effects of water pollutants and stringent norms of regulatory bodies. Removal of heavy metals from industrial effluent can be carried out by various methods like ion exchange, adsorption, activated sludge process, electro coagulation, membrane separation processes, precipitation, coagulation etc. Arsenic is ...

Abstract--Textile dying industry effluents are highly toxic in nature and it contains a large number of complex metal dyes. Many dyes used in textile industries are stable to light and resistant to aerobic digestion. Thus removal of coloured waste from industrial dye effluent is a most perplexing problem to such industries and the environment. On the other hand fly ash is a major pollutant gene...