The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway that is required for many essential tissue and cellular properties such as patterning fields of cells or regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. Disruption of the pathway results in serious pathologies. In this review, we provide an update on recent findings in the field of vertebrate Hh signalling and also d...

Jasmonic acid (JA) signalling plays a central role in plant defences against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects, which afflict both roots and shoots. This pathway is also activated following the interaction with beneficial microbes that may lead to induced systemic resistance. Activation of the JA signalling pathway via application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) alters the composition o...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts in the human genome which perform crucial functions in diverse biological processes. The abnormal expression of some lncRNAs has been found in tumorigenesis, development and therapy resistance of cancers. They may act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and can be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers, prompting their therapeut...

The Hippo signalling pathway regulates cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, thus exerting profound effects on cellular homeostasis. Inhibition of Hippo signalling has been frequently implicated in human cancers, indicating a well-known tumour suppressor function of the Hippo pathway. However, it is less certain whether and how hyperactivation of the Hippo pathway affects biolo...

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a well-established downstream component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway but is also a key enzyme in negatively regulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Several recent studies argue that PKB (protein kinase B)-mediated inhibition of GSK-3 leads to β-catenin accumulation, but whether cross-talk actually exists ...

Introduction Regulation of the secretory pathway by signalling ER export is regulated by signalling Modification of ER chaperones Modulation of COPII recruitment Lipid modification Signalling regulates the functional organisation of the Golgi complex PKD and PtdIns(4)P p38 PKA Signalling during directional cell migration Signalling from the secretory pathway A role for the ER in the compartment...

Background In order to characterize the biochemical changes associated with Ginkgo biloba treatment, at metabolite and pathway level, we used a state-of-the-art untargeted metabolomics approach in well characterized cohort of healthy non-demented subjects, or without treatment. Method We analysed data including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) peripheral blood measurements proteomics, metabolomics, me...