In 1965 DiGeorge described a patient with hypoparathyroidism and cellular immune deficiency secondary to thymic hypoplasia. Soon the pattern of malformation included in this syndrome expanded to include other defects of third and fourth branchial arches as well as dysmorphic facial features. In 1978 Shprintzen reported a group of children with cleft palate or velopharyngeal incompetence, cardia...

The application of new knowledge on the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects has increased our understanding of associated, non-cardiac malformations seen in certain syndromes. Defects in the proliferation and migration of neural crest cells are thought to contribute to conotruncal defects. These are seen in association with conditions such as DiGeorge syndrome. CHARGE association, hemifaci...

We report on the clinical and molecular findings of a patient who presented alopecia, epicanthus, micrognathia, retrognathia, high arched palate, hypertelorism, Chiari type I malformation, mixed-type hearing loss but with normal heartbeat Q-T interval, malformed earlobes, down-slanted palpebral fissures, downturned corners of the mouth, syndactyly, atopic eczema, and seizures. The patient was a...

BACKGROUND A leptosomic body type is tall and thin with long hands. Marfanoid features may be familial in nature or pathological, as occurs in congenital contractual arachnodactyly (Beal's syndrome) and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome mimicking some of the changes of Marfan syndrome, although not accompanied by luxation of lens and dissecting aneurysm of aorta. METHODS In this article we collect...

Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), also known as "Shprintzen syndrome" or "22q11.2 deletion syndrome" is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide range of phenotypical findings. It is majorly characterized by cleft palate, dysmorphic face, conotruncal cardiac anomalies, growth retardation, neurologic disorders and learning disabilities. Our case was the first child of her family and sh...

The recognition of velo-cardio-facial syndrome as a specific congenital malformation syndrome is a relatively recent development for so common a disorder. The syndrome has appeared in the medical literature either as a specific and distinct diagnostic entity or as part of a discussion of broader symptoms (such as immune compromise, heart anomalies, or speech disorders) since the 1950s, but the ...