Drawing on personal experience, the author asks what current administration can learn from Clinton administration’s implementation of Presidential Decision Directive 56, examines real-world application directive during and pitfalls its agency-centric successor Bush administration, identifies recurring problems best practices for successfully responding to global crises.

BACKGROUND The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the protection of the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness and security of human drugs and biological products through the enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and related regulations. These enforcement activities include regulatory letters (i.e. warning letters and no...

As his administration approaches its 6-month mark, President Bush has filled his cabinet, survived a showdown with China over a spy plane, and seen his $1.35 trillion tax cut passed by the House and Senate—just as the Republicans lost control of the Senate with the change of party by Senator James Jeffords of Vermont, who became an independent. Yet Bush and the new Senate Majority leader Tom Da...

In order to examine the effect of the quantity of Nitrogen fertilizer and bush density on vegetative and productive function of henna medicinal plant (Lawsonia inermis)  factorial experimentation in the form of block plan was carried in three stages in agriculture research center in south of kerman  province in corp of 2012. The first factor containing Nitrogen fertilizer in 4 levels i...

The Unitary Executive offers a powerful case for the historical pedigree of the unitary executive theory. Offering an account of presidential practice stemming from George Washington to George W. Bush, the book seeks to ground unitary executive theory with exhaustive historical evidence. Although the authors do not purport to present a history of the presidency, they do provide important and co...