The regional evaluation of monitoring stations for water resources can be of great importance due to its role in finding appropriate locations for stations, the maximum gathering of useful information and preventing the accumulation of unnecessary information and ultimately reducing the cost of data collection. Based on the theory of discrete entropy, this study analyzes the density of rain gag...

The entropy of hot nuclear Systems is deduced from the mass distribution of fragments emitted from high energy protonand nucleus-induced reactions via a quantum statistical model. It is found that the entropy per baryon, S / A , of intermediate rapidity ("participant") fragments is higher than the entropy of target rapidity ("spectator") fragments. The spectator fragments exhibit S / A values o...

Estimating the entropy based on data is one of the prototypical problems in distribution property testing and estimation. For estimating the Shannon entropy of a distribution on S elements with independent samples, [Pan04] showed that the sample complexity is sublinear in S, and [VV11a] showed that consistent estimation of Shannon entropy is possible if and only if the sample size n far exceeds...

According to the thermodynamical analogy in black hole physics, the entropy of a black hole in the Einstein theory of gravity equals S BH = A H /(4l 2 P), where A H is the area of a black hole surface and l P = (¯ hG/c 3) 1/2 is the Planck length [1, 2]. In black hole physics the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S BH plays essentially the same role an in the usual thermodynamics. In particular it all...

Using Gaussian 03, software the thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs free energy, G, Enthalpy, H, and Entropy, S, of Alanine and Valine amino acids were theoretically studied at different solvents. First, the Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) level with 3-21G, 6-31G and 6-31+G basis sets were employed to optimization of isolated Alanine and Valine amino acids in the gas phase. Moreover, Vib...

Let X be a discrete random variable with support S and f : S → S′ be a bijection. Then it is wellknown that the entropy of X is the same as the entropy of f(X). This entropy preservation property has been well-utilized to establish non-trivial properties of discrete stochastic processes, e.g. queuing process [1]. Entropy as well as entropy preservation is well-defined only in the context of pur...

the thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy (h), gibbs free energy (g) and entropy (s) ofpyrazole was theoretically studied at 5 different temperatures 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°c by usinggussian o3, software. first, the structural optimization of isolated pyrazole was done in the gas phaseby appling the density functional theory (b3lyp) level with 3-21g, 6-31g and 6-31+g(d) basissets. moreover, v...