FPGA detailed routing problem is an interesting problem in VLSI field because of the limited routing resources in island style FPGA architectures. In this paper, the effectiveness of various switch boxes (Subset, Wilton and Universal) in FPGA detailed routing has been tested using a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based approach. A SAT instance is formulated for each routing problem and routabilit...

A reprogrammable logic or interconnect architecture termed non-orthogonal decoding' is described, which increases routability with no additional circuitry and negligible added layout area, compared to an existing reprogrammable routing architecture, the orthogonal decoding architecture introduced by Aptix. An orthogonal decoding architecture's routing channel box is modified to illustrate non-o...

With the use of subwavelength photolithography, some layouts can have low printability and, accordingly, low yield due to the existence of bad patterns even though they pass design rule checks. A reasonable approach is to select some of the candidate bad patterns as forbidden. These are the ones with a high yield impact or low routability impact, and these are to be prohibited in the design pha...

The problem of redistributing IO from bondpads on the periphery of an IC to an array of solder bumps occurs frequently in MCM layout. We show that the commonly held belief that providing enough escapes at the perimeter of the array is not suucient to guarantee routability of the design. We analyze the Even Wiring Distribution (EWD) routing heuristic and show that it produces designs whose criti...

Preplaced circuit modules may be rotated to improve performance and/or routability. We show that several simple versions of the module rotation problem are NP-hard.

The future fourth generation 4G networks will provide us with a paradigm shift in how mobile telecommunications will operate. It will be solely based on packet switching using mobile IPv6. However binding update route optimisation is vulnerable to a variety of security attacks. This paper attempts to reduce the security vulnerabilities by creating a new security protocol by first investigating ...

Security is a critical design issue in Mobile IPv6 since adversaries can take advantage of its routing process and arbitrarily channelize the traffic to different destinations. The original security scheme, the return routability (RR) procedure, used in Mobile IPv6 route optimization does not protect against adversaries who are on the path between the home agent (HA) and the correspondent node ...