Background: During resuscitation trauma patients receive various intravenous fluids, which can exacerbate coagulopathy and haemorrhage further. This led to the introduction of the damage control resuscitation, which advocates minimal intravenous fluids use. However, some fluid may be required in uncontrolled haemorrhage or when blood products are not immediately available. Furthermore, question...

7.5% Hypertonic saline-6% Dextran-70 (HSD) is currently being evaluated in our laboratory as a resuscitation solution for the treatment of hypovolemia at a dose of 4 ml kg-1 body weight. A few reports of dextran toxicity, particularly of the kidney, have been cited in the literature, so the present study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity of HSD administered i.v. to beagle dogs. In the a...

The first description of the use of intravenous fluid in a human is attributed to Dr Thomas Latta during the cholera epidemic in London in 1831–2. Dr Latta described his experience in a letter to the editor of The Lancet. 1 Dr Latta first attempted to replace the lost fluid and salts 'by injecting copiously into the larger intestine warm water, holding in solution the requisite salts, and also ...

BACKGROUND Vasoconstriction, an inherent property of Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOC) potentially due to nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, may increase cardiovascular complications in HBOC resuscitated trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if co-administration of a weak NO donor, intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG), with HBOC-201 during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock ...

AIM To outline the physiochemical properties and specific clinical uses of Plasma-Lyte 148 as choice of solution for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine. METHODS We performed an electronic literature search from Medline and PubMed (via Ovid), anesthesia and pharmacology textbooks, and online sources including studies that compared Plasma-Lyte 148 to othe...

BACKGROUND Engraftment and survival of stem cells in the infarcted myocardium remain problematic in cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease. To overcome these issues, encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) were developed that were transfected to produce glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin hormone with known cardioprotective effects, alongside MSC endogenous paracrine factors. This s...

Appropriate feeding practices have an important impact on diarrhoeal disease management in developing countries. We evaluated the efficacy of feeding dowdo, a wheat-milk gruel, traditionally used as a weaning food in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Dowdo was compared with khitchri, a rice-lentil mixture, in acute diarrhoea through a randomized trial. Seventy- six children between 6 and 36 month...

Ding dongmerrily on high, goes the famous Christmas carol, but for some of the United Kingdom’s 40 000 campanologists the bells have not been ringing so merrily. Instead, church bell ringers have this year been complaining of a disorder that has been forcing them to abandon their towers and steeples and seek out hypnotherapists and counsellors in search of a cure. Symptoms include vertigo, a se...