A Protocol Reference Model is an abstraction of the communication subsystem of a system. Thus, it is appropriate to focus on the protocol reference model when examining the issue of secure communications. In this paper, we discuss some issues in incorporating security services into a protocol reference model. The security services considered are authentication, con dentiality, integrity and acc...

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abstract purpose: this research aims at examining the university librarians’ viewpoints about digital reference services at state universities of isfahan based on ifla 2008 standards. methodology: the research method is descriptive survey study. the study population consists of university librarians of state universities in isfahan. after determining the variance, the sample was estimated 113 a...

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