This paper presents a description of the state of the art methodology and software for the application of x-ray microanalysis to thin surface layers and more generally to the characterization of stratified specimens. The sensitivity of the technique to near-surface segregation is demonstrated. Some emphasis is given on the eS(pz) function (the distribution in depth of the primary generated x-ra...

Quantitative X-ray microanalysis requires the use of many fundamental constants related to the interaction of the electron beam with the sample. The current state of our knowledge of such constants in the particular areas of electron stopping power, X-ray ionization cross-sections, X-ray fluorescence yield, and the electron backscattering yield, is examined. It is found that, in every case, the...

The uncoated and coated fibre load in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assessed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x ray microanalysis in 15 subjects with previous, unprotected exposure to asbestos, including three with clinical and radiological evidence of asbestosis, and in 13 urban dwelling control subjects with no known occupational exposure to asbestos. The mea...

Electron channeling effects can create measurable signal intensity variations in all product signals that result from the scattering of the electron beam within a crystalline specimen. Of particular interest to the X-ray microanalyst are any variations that occur within the characteristic X-ray signal that are not directly related to a specimen composition variation. Many studies have documente...

S. M. Boyetchko* and J. P. Tewari Department of Plant Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T 6 G 2 P 5 Z. Naturforsch. 48c , 923-929 (1993); received April 6,1993 Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae, Taxonomy, Calcium, X-Ray Microanalysis Three VA mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and ex­ amined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-di...

AIMS To report the appearances of zirconium dioxide and barium sulphate in interface membranes, synovium, and other tissues around joint prostheses. METHODS Histological sections from 23 specimens were reviewed by light microscopy and polarisation. Scanning electron microscopy and x ray microanalysis were performed on routinely processed paraffin wax sections. RESULTS Polyethylene, metals, ...