BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, we showed that diffusion-weighted MR imaging depicts evidence of directionally preferential water motion in white matter structures of developing rat brain before and after myelination, and considerably earlier than conventional imaging strategies. Present data augment these imaging and corresponding histologic findings with electron-microscopic corroboration....

The gestation period of rats is on average 21 to 23 days. Conceptus can be detected by ultrasonography after the 8‐9th days pregnancy. total number fetuses per pregnancy 1 20. In some cases, abortion occurs depending many etiological factors, and it most common complication subject present case report was surgical management spontaneous using inhalation anesthesia in a rat. material female albi...

Selective breeding and natural selection that select for one trait often bring along other correlated traits via coselection. Selective breeding for an infantile trait, high or low call rates of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups, also alters functions of some brain systems and emotional behaviors throughout life. We examined the effect of breeding for call rate on acoustic p...

In agreement with previous results (Awapara, 1956), we noted that the taurine level in the liver of the adult female rat is higher than in the adult male rat: 9.44 and 2.08, respectively, expressed as a concentration (mumoles/g of liver). Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease of the taurine level (expressed similarly) in the liver of the lactating rat: 1.84 twenty-one days after the b...

The developing prostate gland is regulated by its hormonal milieu, most notably androgens, which dictate its growth and differentiation (Price, 1936; Lasnitzki and Mizuno, 1980). In addition, the developing prostate is sensitive to estrogenic exposures (Price, 1963). During prostate morphogenesis, elevated levels of endogenous estrogens (maternal or excess local production) or exogenous estroge...

Animal models can help elucidate the mechanisms through which early-life stress (ELS) has pathophysiological effects on the developing brain. One model that has been developed for rodents consists of limiting the amount of bedding and nesting material during the first postnatal weeks of pup life. This ELS environment has been shown to induce "abusive" behaviors by rat dams towards pups, while m...

Rat maternal behavior is a complex social behavior. Most antipsychotic drugs disrupt active maternal responses (e.g., pup retrieval, pup licking and nest building). Our previous work shows that typical antipsychotic haloperidol disrupts maternal behavior by blocking dopamine D(2) receptors, whereas atypical clozapine works by blocking 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors. The present study used c-Fos immunohi...

We studied the neuronal basis of the motivational response to two powerful but radically different rewards-cocaine and maternal nurturing of pups in the postpartum rat (dam) which is in a unique motivational state. We used a place preference method designed to offer a choice between cues associated with a natural reinforcer (pups) and those associated with a pharmacologic reinforcer (cocaine). ...