References 1 Home Office. Setting the boundaries: reforming the law on sexual offences, vol. 1. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 2000. 2 Her Majesty’s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate. A report on the joint inspection into the investigation and prosecution of cases involving allegations of rape. London: Her Majesty’s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate, 2002. 3 Kelly L. A resea...

reflected in the low numbers of successful convictions across jurisdictions. Research conducted in the last 20 years has highlighted that the majority of victims of sexual assault are female, most perpetrators are male, and a very small percentage of victims report this crime to the police.1 Media portrayals of ‘real rape’ present it as involving women being attacked outside their home, at nigh...

This article considers two issues in relation to the criminal transmission of HIV. Currently, the use of condoms, and a defendant's viral load, has not been an issue that has been raised in the courts. The article considers how the defence, prosecution and judge may deal with such evidential issues. It will discuss how an expert opinion may be utilised or discredited by counsel for the defendan...

Jennifer Freyd’s (2003) comment on Goodman et al. (2003) makes at least two essential observations: First, that Goodman’s characterization of their findings as not supporting the position that CSA is “commonly” repressed or forgotten by the victim is curious. Second, that Goodman et al. understate the limited value of their study in that a prosecution sample is not generalizable to a non-prosec...

We study the enforcement of competition policy against collusion under Leniency Programs, which give reduced ̄nes to ̄rms revealing information to the Antitrust Authority. Such programs give ̄rms an incentive to break collusion, but may also have a pro-collusive e®ect, since they decrease the expected cost of misbehaviour. We analyze the optimal policy under alternative rules and with homogeneo...

It is crucial to identify the most appropriate hypotheses if one is to apply probabilistic reasoning to evaluate and properly understand the impact of evidence. Subtle changes to the choice of a prosecution hypothesis can result in drastically different posterior probabilities to a defence hypothesis from the same evidence. To illustrate the problem we consider a real case in which probabilisti...