V-073, an enterovirus capsid inhibitor, was evaluated for its spectrum of antipoliovirus activity. V-073 inhibited all 45 polioviruses tested in a virus-induced cytopathic effect protection assay, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.003 to 0.126 microM. Ninety percent of the polioviruses tested were inhibited at EC(50)s of < or = 0.076 microM (MIC90 = 32 ng/ml). V-073 ...

We describe a simple, cost-efficient, double-selective method for isolation of wild-type poliovirus from sewage samples containing vaccine polioviruses and other enteroviruses, with a detection limit of 18 to 50 PFU per 1 to 2 liters of sewage. By this method we were able to process 1,700 sewage samples collected between 1991 and 1996, from which 10,472 plaques were isolated, 41 of them being i...

A single-tube, single-primer-set reverse transcription-PCR assay was developed for the rapid detection of polioviruses in infected tissue culture fluids and clinical materials. The poliovirus-specific PCR primers are located in the VP1-2A region of the poliovirus genome. They generate a 290-bp product and can be used in duplex reactions with general enterovirus primers. The primers span the reg...

We have exposed 22 independent type 2 poliovirus isolates to human intestinal fluid and purified trypsin. In all cases the virus retained its infectivity, while polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral proteins showed disappearance of the VP1 bands. Concomitantly, the viruses became resistant to antigenic site 1-specific monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the cleavage took place at the a...

Sabin strains of poliovirus used in the manufacture of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are prone to genetic variations that occur during growth in cell cultures and the organisms of vaccine recipients. Such derivative viruses often have increased neurovirulence and transmissibility, and in some cases they can reestablish chains of transmission in human populations. Monitoring for vaccine-derived ...

We have developed a method for differentiating polioviruses from nonpolio enteroviruses using PCR. A pair of panpoliovirus PCR primers were designed to match intervals encoding amino acid sequences within VP1 that are strongly conserved among polioviruses. The initiating primer hybridizes with codons of a 7-amino-acid sequence that has been found only in polioviruses; the second primer matches ...

CONTEXT Achieving successful eradication of a disease requires global cooperation to obtain a shared goal. Coordination of the endgame may seem an obvious requirement for success, but that does not ensure that cooperation will occur. OBJECTIVE To analytically explore the need for cooperation to maintain global polio eradication specifically related to creation of a global polio vaccine stockp...

Poliomyelitis has appeared in epidemic form, become endemic on a global scale, and been reduced to near-elimination, all within the span of documented medical history. Epidemics of the disease appeared in the late 19th century in many European countries and North America, following which polio became a global disease with annual epidemics. During the period of its epidemicity, 1900-1950, the ag...

Oral polio vaccine has been used successfully as a powerful tool to control the spread of wild polioviruses throughout the world; however, during replication in under immunized children, some vaccine viruses revert and acquire the neurovirulent phenotypic properties. In this study, we describe the evolution and circulation of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses (VDPVs) in Helmand province of Afghanist...