Abbreviations: BRET, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERC, endocytic recycling compartment; FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HEK, human embryonic kidney; IR, insulin receptor; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; pNPP, p-nitrophenylphosphate; PDGFR, platelet derived growth facto...

Climate change and anthropogenic activities have had a profound effect on the variation in grassland productivity Tibetan Plateau recent decades. Quantifying impacts of climatic variables is necessary step making management policies sustainable ecosystem. Net primary (NPP) an important part terrestrial carbon cycle can be used to assess vegetation growth. Based Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach m...

Strains of Halobacteria from an Algerian culture collection were screened for their lipolytic activity against p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (PNPP). Most strains were active on both esters and 12% hydrolyzed olive oil. A strain identified as Natronococcus sp. was further studied. It grew optimally at 3.5 M NaCl, pH 8 and 40 degrees C. An increase in temperature shift...

The previous studies showed that gangliosides modulated the ATPase activity of the PMCA from porcine brain synaptosomes [Yongfang Zhao, Xiaoxuan Fan, Fuyu Yang, Xujia Zhang, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 427 (2004) 204-212]. The effects of gangliosides on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) catalyzed by the erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, which was characterized as E(2) confor...

The cell cytosol is crowded with macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes. The consequences of such crowding remain unclear. How is the rate of a typical enzymatic reaction, involving a freely diffusing enzyme and substrate, affected by the presence of macromolecules of different sizes, shapes, and concentrations? Here, we mimic the cytosolic crowding in vitro, using dextra...

Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTP-sigma (PTPσ) plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and nerve regeneration. Although cumulative studies about the function of PTPσ have been reported, yet limited data have been reported about the crystal structure and in vitro activity of mouse PTPσ. Here we report the crystal structure of mouse PTPσ tandem phosphatase domains at 2.4 ...

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are dinuclear monoesterases1,2 that are structurally diverse but with a conserved set of ligands to the Fe3+-M2+ metal centers (M2+ ) Fe, Zn, or Mn).3 The identity of the nucleophile and the substrate binding mode have been matters of controversy (Figure 1).1,3-5 In one proposal, substrate binds to the divalent metal and is attacked by a terminal Fe3+-bound hydro...

Neurotransmitter uncaging, especially that of glutamate, has been used to study synaptic function for over 30 years. One limitation of caged glutamate probes is the blockade of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor function. This problem comes to the fore when the probes are applied at the high concentrations required for effective two-photon photolysis. To mitigate such problems one could impr...

We have partially purified an 18-kDa cytoplasmic protein from 3T3-Ll cells, which dephosphorylates pNPP and the phosphorylated adipocyte lipid binding protein (ALBP), and have identified it by virtue of kinetic and immunological criteria as an acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). The cytoplasmic acid phosphatase was inactivated by phenylarsine oxide (PAO) (K,,,, = 10 pM), and the inactivation could b...

A voltammetric determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a well-known enzyme in human blood, was investigated to survey the feasibility for a health diagnosis sensor. Simple photolithography with an office printer and transparency film was employed to construct an electrochemical sensor with an Indium tin oxide (ITO) film on glass. ITO films can be easily patterned with a resolution of 50 lm...