Remarkably elevated levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are measurable in human blood samples in cases of acute pancreatitis. The source of the enzyme was first thought to be exclusively the pancreas, but now it is generally accepted that two isoenzymes--the pancreatic PLA2, group I, and the extrapancreatic PLA2, group II--contribute to the raised activity. In contrast to the group II-PLA2, the p...

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its end product, arachidonic acid, are thought to be important signaling components in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Because there are multiple Ca2+ -dependent and independent PLA2 biochemical activities in beta-cells, we have used a combination of molecular and immunological techniques to identify the isoforms of Ca2+ -dependent PLA2 present in pancr...

Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was developed for the detection of synovial-type phospholipase A2 (s-PLA2) in human serum. This solid-phase, sandwich assay uses a polyclonal rabbit antibody raised against synovial-type group II PLA2 produced in Escherichia coli. No cross-reactions were detected between s-PLA2 and PLA2 from human or porcine pancreas, human ascitic fluid, or bee or cobra venom. I...

BACKGROUND In human acute pancreatitis two different types of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) have been found. AIM To analyse the specific pattern of distribution of these PLA2 activities and their pathophysiological role in experimental acute pancreatitis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Catalytic activities of secretory type I (pancreatic) and type II (non-pancreatic) PLA2 and the protein concentr...

Group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a newly recognized antibacterial acute-phase protein. Recently we observed that transgenic mice expressing group II PLA2 (PLA2(+) mice) were able to resist experimental Staphylococcus aureus infection by killing the bacteria, as indicated by improved survival and by the small numbers of live bacteria in their tissues (V. J. O. Laine, D. S. Grass, and T. J. Ne...

Increased activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the ileal mucosa may contribute to the inflammation in Crohn's disease. The results of this study showed that (a) three months after ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease the neoterminal ileal mucosa showed endoscopically new inflammation and had higher PLA2 activity than at the time of the operation (n = 8); no such findings were seen in con...

BACKGROUND To explore potential interrelationships between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult treatment Panel III criteria in 4480 nondiabetic Malmö Diet and Cancer Study subjects without history of CVD. Incidence of...

Brain phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity has not been well characterized. Given the importance of this enzymatic activity for a variety of cellular functions in the brain, we characterized the subcellular distribution of PLA2 activity in gerbil brain and evaluated how PLA2 activity was altered by ischemia and reperfusion. Cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions were prepared by differe...

The immunochemical protein content of group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and PLA2 enzymatic activity were measured for colonic mucosal biopsy samples obtained from patients with either Crohn's disease of the colon or ulcerative colitis, and control patients without inflammatory bowel disease. Immunoreactive group II PLA2 (IR-PLA2 II) content and PLA2 activity in actively inflamed colonic mucosa o...

IL-1 stimulates mesangial cells to synthesize specific proteins, including a non-pancreatic (Type II) phospholipase A2 (PLA2). We have studied the regulation of PLA2 by proinflammatory mediators, implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, and have assessed whether the activation of second messenger systems modulates or mimics PLA2 gene expression by cytokines. IL-1 alpha and beta, TN...