The literature on sustainability and the human future emphasizes the belief that population and/or mass consumption caused resource degradation and collapse in earlier societies. Archaeological literature proposing overshoot and collapse appears in current debates over resource conservation versus continued economic growth. The prominence of this debate, with its national and international dime...

During recovery from dynamic exercise, systemic oxygen extraction rapidly decreases below the resting level in patients with heart failure, which leads to a subsequent increase in mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) above its resting value (postexercise SvO2 overshoot). To evaluate the pathophysiologic basis of this phenomenon, postexercise SvO2 overshoot was evaluated in relation to hemodyna...

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is subject to long-term adaptive changes that minimize retinal image slip and keep eye movement equal to and opposite head movement. As a step toward identifying the site of neural changes, we have used a transient vestibular stimulus to study the dynamic response properties of the vestibular signals carried by the modifiable pathways. In normal monkeys, "rapid...

The human horizontal eye movement system produces quick, precise, conjugate eye movements called saccades. These are important in normal vision. For example, reading tasks exclusively utilize saccadic eye movements. The majority of saccades have dynamic overshoot. The amplitude of this overshoot is independent of saccadic amplitude, and is such that it places the image of the stimulus within th...

Overshoot is a serio us problem in automatic control systems. This paper presents a new method for elimination of the step response overshoot in a conventional PID-controlled system and enhancement of its robustness by cascading a sliding mode controller in the outer loop. The idea is first to use the cascade control principle to model the under-damped system under PID control with a second-ord...