This article reports an exploratory evaluation of the output quality of two prevalent English-Persian Machine Translation programs. The purpose of the research is to find out which program produces relatively better output, and what major linguistic bottlenecks MT programs will encounter in their processing of texts. Criteria were established in light of structural theories to solve the MT outp...

This paper describes an automatic program generator which creates PROLOG programs from input/output specifications. The generator takes as input descriptions of the input and output data types, a set of tests, a set of transformations and the input/output relation. Abstract data types are used as models for data. They are defined as sets of terms satisfying a system of equations. The tests, the...

ZStep 95 is a program debugging environment designed to help the programmer understand the correspondence between static program code and dynamic program execution. Some of ZStep 95's innovations include: • An animated view of program execution, using the very same display used to edit the source code • A window that displays values which follows the stepper's focus • An incrementally-generated...

This paper presents a new program tree structure in genetic programming which outputs multiple related values, hence serves as a more coherent multiclass classifier. The multiple outputting effect of the tree is achieved by making it simulate a kind of directed acyclic graph. The approach is examined and compared with the basic genetic programming approach on four multiclass object classificati...

A certifying algorithm is an algorithm that produces with each output, a certificate or witness (easy-to-verify proof) that the particular output has not been compromised by a bug. A user of a certifying program P (= the implementation of a certifying algorithm) inputs x, receives an output y and a certificate w, and then checks, either manually or by use of a checking program, that w proves th...

Operating system is a bridge between system and user. An operating system (OS) is a software program that manages the hardware and software resources of a computer. The OS performs basic tasks, such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking, and managing files. It is difficult to present a com...

Developers can use lossy compression on images and many other artifacts to reduce size and improve network transfer times. Native program instructions, however, are typically not considered candidates for lossy compression since arbitrary losses in instructions may dramatically affect program output. In this paper we show that lossy compression of compiled native instructions is possible in cer...