Background: For health professionals, the knowledge of the history of their art is central, both to understanding their science, but also their practice within the health care system. Therefore, it was necessary recounting the development of scarce public health services in Cyprus during the Ottoman rule (1571 1878) before their rapid development during the British rule (1878 1960). Objective: ...

in safavid era, ottoman rulers were interested in science and culture, and there were always iranian physicians, astronomers, scholars, artists and poets in their courts. although there were always wars between most ottoman sultans and the safavid kings, they could not prevent iranian culture from influencing that land. at the same time, artists and scholars went to other countries, including t...

the sherley brothers' mission in iran dealt with some aspects. they carried a message from england and the christian world to shah abbas. in addition, they trained iranian army and taught them how to make artillery, they fought with the iranians against the ottoman empire shoulder to shoulder and both of them were sent to europe for political and commercial purposes by shah abbas. shah abb...

the ruler-oriented attitude in the historiographical reports of the ottoman period has caused the government to be portrayed as an impressive institution and the school, like most other institutions of the society, as impressionable in the portray presented of the relation between the ottoman government and the school institution. similarly, in the researches made, this same formal attitude of ...

mirza malkum khan nazem al-dowleh, the famous iranian thinker and politician of the nineteenth century, spent about ten years in the ottoman empire during the period of tanzimat and was associated with important figures in tanzimat and the first ottoman constitutional era such as foad pasha, aali pasha and medhat pasha. later, he claimed that he had written the important tanzimats figure, foad ...

This article investigates the relationship between inheritance and wealth in the context of eighteenth-century Ottoman Kastamonu. Based on the estate inventories of the deceased (sing. tereke) as recorded in Kastamonu court records (sicils), the article introduces a variety of quantitative techniques to measure the impact of Islamic inheritance practices on wealth accumulation across subsequent...

madrasas and madrasa education, in terms of both quantity and quality, attained a remarkable progress in ottoman classic period, and reached the height of its splendor with the establishing of fâtih’s sahn-i thimân madrasas(875 a.h) and sulaymâniyya madrasas (965 a.h.). undoubtedly, numerous factors and variables had a role in the occurrence of this historical and the educational- cultural phen...

Though Ottoman miniatures are 2D representations, they carry the potential of conveying an individual’s perception in a more detailed manner as compared to 3D perspective renderings. In a typical 2-vanishing-point perspective; objects / subjects drawn in the foreground hide the ones that are located at their back: This phenomenon is called occlusion. In Ottoman miniatures there is no occlusion,...