The role of the haemolytic activity of Sendai virus in cell-cell fusion has been examined in monolayers of human erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts fused with either haemolytic or non-haemolytic virus. Morphological observations indicate that cell swelling and haemolysis is a distinct event in cell-cell fusion irrespective of whether it is virally induced or, in the case of non-haemolytic viru...

1. The rate of exosmosis of water was studied in unfertilized Arbacia eggs, in order to bring out possible differences between the kinetics of exosmosis and endosmosis. 2. Exosmosis, like endosmosis, is found to follow the equation See PDF for Equation, in which a is the total volume of water that will leave the cell before osmotic equilibrium is attained, x is the volume that has already left ...

Focal cerebral ischaemia and post-ischaemic reperfusion cause cerebral capillary dysfunction, resulting in oedema formation and haemorrhagic conversion. There are substantial gaps in understanding the pathophysiology, especially regarding early molecular participants. Here, we review physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. We reaffirm the central role of Starling's principle, which sta...

1. The K and Cl~ levels and osmotic concentration of the tube feet fluid in intact starfish (Asterias forbesi) are higher than that in the external sea water or perivisceral (coelomic) fluid. 2. The increase in K+ in the fluid in the tube feet lumen is brought about by the active secretion of K+ by the tube feet epithelium. 3. No exchange of material from the external environment with the more ...

In secretory cells, osmotic swelling of secretory granules is proposed to be an intermediate step in exocytic fusion of the granules with the plasma membrane. For osmotic swelling of the granule, a H (+) gradient generated by vacuolar-type H (+) -ATPase (V-ATPase) may be a driving force for accumulation of K (+) via its exchange with H (+) , concurrent with accumulation of Cl (-) and H(2)O. Her...

The objective of the study was to develop Controlled porosity and elementary osmotic pump-based drug delivery systems of Glibenclamide. The elementary osmotic pump (EOP) consists of an osmotic core with the drug surrounded by a semipermeable membrane drilled with a delivery orifice through which drug releases where as in controlled porosity osmotic pump drug release is accomplished by the use o...