The authors propose that people use 2 routes in justifying self-gratification: 1st through hard work or excellence (entitlement) and the 2nd through the attainment of vices without depleting income. This framework was tested using real tasks and choices adopted from prior research on self-control. The results indicate that (a) higher effort and (bogus) excellence feedback increase preferences f...

Abstract Existing studies have examined the demand elasticities for organic products only in select categories, and their results consumers' sensitivity to price changes are inconsistent. Evidence regarding effects of promotions on foods vs non-organic is scarce. This study aims (1) examine own-price counterparts both with without a promotion variety product (2) investigate how distinctive betw...

in this study, individual moral virtues were surveyed in surah al-qasas. one can infer very important points in the individual moral dimension from the story of moses (as) and others discussed in the surah. from the moralities inferred from acts of moses one can point to such good virtues like sincerity, gratitude, courage, hope and pray. from the moral virtues of others involved in the story o...

What qualities make a political leader more influential or less influential? Philosophers, political scientists, and psychologists have puzzled over this question, positing two opposing routes to political power--one driven by human virtues, such as courage and wisdom, and the other driven by vices, such as Machiavellianism and psychopathy. By coding nonverbal behaviors displayed in political s...

the relation between ethics and human good and evil attributes and his nature is among the age-old discourses in the field of practical philosophy (wisdom). since long ago, it has been of concern to the learned and the philosophers as to whether all ethics or a part of it in all human beings or in some of them is optional and acquired or non-optional, unacquirable, and unchangeable. this writin...

Endotoxins possess an intrinsic fascination that is nothing less than fabulous. They seem to have been endowed by nature with virtues and vices in the exact and glamorous proportions needed to render them irresistible to any investigator who comes to know them.