Kingdon's multiple streams approach has recently been applied to study implementation across sectors or levels of government. Building on these contributions, we suggest that two streams are especially important in shaping implementation: organizational problem constructions, and political pressure from the centre. These variables produce a four-way typology of implementation modes. We test the...

This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for solving diverse problems arising in performance optimization of organizations operating in uncertain environments. We introduce a technique to decompose a multi-dimensional organizational design problem into a series of coupled sub-problems whose iterative solution produces a near-optimal organizational structure, and decision processes. We il...

one of the important problems concerning women in iranian organizations is the stereotype attitudes towards women inherited from the past. many of these negative attitudes have been made by men, and that’s why, women's efficiency and effectiveness in organizations seems low as compared to that of men. this study attempts to examine the popular clichés concerning women's organizational...