The human nm23 gene, a candidate metastatic suppressor gene, consists of two genes, nm23-Hl and nm23-H2. The potential mutation in the nm23-HI gene was examined in colorectal cancer using a reverse tran scription polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by DNA se quencing analysis. Genomic alterations in the nm23 gene were also exam ined by Southern hybridization. Genetic alterations ei...

The differentiation inhibitory factor nm23 can inhibit the differentiation of murine and human myeloid leukemia cells. We recently reported that nm23 genes were overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and a higher level of nm23-H1 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in AML, especially in AML-M5 (acute monocytic leukemia). To evaluate the importance of nm23 expression as a...

The Nm23 protein has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes, including suppression of metastasis, phytochrome responses in plants, and regulation of differentiation. Here we examine whether Nm23 is involved in Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation. We found that Nm23 is present in oocytes, indicating that it has the potential to be a regulator of maturation. Furthermore, modest ov...

Rad is the prototypic member of a new class of Ras-related GTPases. Purification of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rad revealed nm23, a putative tumor metastasis suppressor and a development gene in Drosophila. Antibodies against nm23 depleted Rad-GAP activity from human skeletal muscle cytosol, and bacterially expressed nm23 reconstituted the activity. The GAP activity of nm23 was spe...

Gelatinase A transcriptional regulation is the consequence of combinatorial interactions with key promoter and enhancer elements identified within this gene. A potent 40 bp enhancer response element, RE-1, located in the near 5' flanking regions of the rat and human gelatinase A genes drives high-level expression in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). Southwestern-blot analysis of MC nuclear extr...

A previous study reported that a nondifferentiating myeloid leukemia cell line produced differentiation-inhibiting factors. One of the factors was purified as a homologue of the nm23 genes. The nm23 genes were overexpressed in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, and a higher level of nm23 gene expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in AML. The present study determined the plasma le...

OBJECTIVES Tumor recurrence and metastasis are major causes of treatment failure in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recently, nm23, originally considered to be an anti-metastatic gene, has been reported to associate with various roles in different human cancers. We therefore investigated the clinical significance of nm23-H1 expression in ESCC. METHODS Pathological sections were imm...

A series of sublines of a murine melanoma B16 of C57BL/6 origin were established and examined regarding their metastatic capacity and expression of nm23. The number of pulmonary metastases developed by these sublines was inversely correlated with the expression of two isotypes of nm23, nm23-M1 and nm23-M2. The cDNAs of nm23-M1, nm23-M2, and a combination of both were transfected into the highly...

BACKGROUND Clinical significance of the status of nm23 gene, originally identified as an antimetastatic gene, in non-small cell lung cancer remains unestablished, whereas many clinical studies have demonstrated that reduced nm23 expression is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in a variety of malignant tumors such as breast carcinoma. METHODS nm23 expression was examined imm...

OBJECTIVE A number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes participating in tumorigenesis have been identified, one of them being nm23. The expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene nm23 depends on the cell type of tumors. Both, reduced expression as well as overexpression of nm23 is associated with a high potential of malignancy. In a variety of tumor cell lines secretion of the nm23 p...