Ten new polyhydroxyolean-12-ene pentacyclic triterpenoidal saponins, named rogchaponins 1-10, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of Camellia sinensis by a series of chromatographic methods (silica gel flash column and C18 MPLC followed by C18 HPLC). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D-NMR techniques along with IR and HR-TOF-MS. Rogchaponins R4 ( 4) and R5 (5) show...

The modulation accuracy of Multi-Plane Light Conversion (MPLC) mainly depends on the positioning phase mask Spatial Modulator (SLM). To improve accuracy, impact shift is investigated, and a position method proposed. In order to investigate influence offset input light conversion effect, convolution transmission model for adjustable multi-pass cavity established. Then, process masks analyzed sim...

Multi-plane light converters (MPLCs) are an emerging class of optical devices capable converting a set input spatial modes to new target output modes. This operation represents linear transformation—a much sought after capability in photonics. MPLCs have potential applications both the classical and quantum optics domains, fields ranging from communications computing imaging. They consist serie...

Since the last comprehensive review by Otto Sticher on natural product isolation in NPR (O. Sticher, Nat. Prod. Rep., 2008, 25, 517), a plethora of new reports on isolation of secondary compounds from higher plants, marine organisms and microorganisms has been published. Although methods described earlier like the liquid-solid chromatographic techniques (VLC, FC, MPLC, HPLC) or partition chroma...

1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of (1Z,4R∗,5R∗)-4-benzamido-3-oxo-5-phenylpyrazolidin-1-ium-2ides 3a – e to ethyl propiolate (4) were studied. The reactions were carried out in anisole under reflux and in anisole under microwave irradiation at 150 ◦C. All reactions were quite non-selective and furnished mixtures of isomeric cycloadducts, 5, 5′, 6, and 6′, with ethyl (1S∗,6R∗,7R∗)-6-benzamido-1(4-nit...

Mathematical optimization models are commonly implemented by specifying them in a high-level declarative modelling language. These languages allow specifying the overall model structure separately from the actual numerical values that are needed to form a specific instance of the model. The existing modelling languages are typically interpreted when the model is generated. In largescale linear ...

In a previous paper, we proposed a first formal and conceptual comparison between the two most important formalizations of context in AI: Propositional Logic of Context (PLC) and Local Models Semantics/MultiContext Systems (LMS/MCS). The result was that LMS/MCS is at least as general as PLC, as it can be embedded into a particular class of MCS, called MPLC. In this paper we go beyond that resul...