Soil moisture is a key variable for the water and energy exchanges at the land surface. The determination of soil moisture dynamics from space is one of the most prominent, but also most challenging applications for recent active microwave sensor systems. Since the launch of ENVISAT ASAR, more than 4 years of data is available for the retrieval of soil moisture information. The wide area covera...

Issue: The moisture content of a fill material will affect its compaction characteristics and needs to be evaluated during quality control of the fill operation. When the fill is drier than its optimum moisture content, any moisture in the fill serves as a lubricant and helps the relative movement of the particles when densifying under vibratory compaction. When the fill is wetter than its opti...

Density-independent high moisture content measurement is required in actual production line. In this paper, the experimental results for high moisture content measurement using microwave free-space technique are presented. The method is based on a ratio of phase shifts at two microwave frequencies after propagating through a sample. The experiments were performed with three kinds of sawdust nam...

Moisture content of shelled maize, Zea mays L., was correlated with the attenuation and phase shift of electromagnetic waves travelling through a layer of grain. Several calibration equations are presented in the paper that are based on measurements taken at 15)2 GHz for various grain densities, moisture contents and temperatures. Validation of the calibration equations indicated that moisture ...

This Application Bulletin describes an approach for developing near-infrared methods for the determination of residual moisture in typical lyophilized pharmaceutical products. In this case, samples were contained in sealed 30 mL serum vials (3 cm o.d.). The average cake weight of this product was 1.6 g with a target moisture level of 1% and acceptable moisture limit of not more than 2% by weigh...

This Application Bulletin describes an approach for developing near-infrared methods for the determination of residual moisture in typical lyophilized pharmaceutical products. In this case, samples were contained in sealed 30 mL serum vials (3 cm o.d.). The average cake weight of this product was 1.6 g with a target moisture level of 1% and acceptable moisture limit of not more than 2% by weigh...

Abstract--A procedure is presented to determine the moisture diffusivity for drying from measured moisture concentratio~a profiles. From error analysis it is shown that the applied space grid for scanning and the one-dimensional resolution of the NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) method used for the measurements had a minor influence on the accuracy of the determination of the moisture diffusivi...

Determination of moisture content in lyophilized solids is fundamental to predict quality and stability of freeze-dried products, but conventional methods are time-consuming, invasive and destructive. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and nondestructive method for determination of moisture content in lyophilized mannitol, based on an NIR micro-sp...

Many reptiles have temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Sex determination in marine turtles is described by a cool-male, warm-female pattern. Nest sand temperature strongly influences sea turtle embryo development and sex differentiation. Yet, variation in hatchling sex ratios is explained only partially by nest temperature and can be predicted only at the warmest and coolest temperat...

This paper discusses a measurement principle for online moisture determination of wood pellets that is based on capacitive sensing. To ensure reliability and proper operation of the sensing device even under harsh industrial conditions, a robust principle based on a frequency hopping approach is required. Therefore, we investigate the impact of multiple carrier frequencies and analyze the frequ...