The professional sports events industry is becoming immensely popular due to a global social shift toward larger numbers of spectators at and an ever-increasing variety such events. This study aimed investigate the impact spectators’ perception corporate responsibility on regional attachment by applying identity theory. present introduces two mediators, namely, pride team identification, enligh...

Research question The COVID-19 pandemic entailed a period where no spectators were allowed to attend arena events. This provided unique opportunity study how the non-presence of supportive home crowds affects advantage in sports. In this paper, we examine if there is such for ice hockey.Research methods Using data from four consecutive seasons Norwegian hockey, apply team-fixed and referee-fixe...

because of reducing the number of spectators of football premier league, this study is seeking for identifying factors put the most impact on this decline. the statistical population consisted of all spectators in iran football premier league in 2015-16, out of which 395 spectators were randomly selected as the research samples. the data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. the f...

In recent decades, sports organizations have paid special attention to the importance of considering the purchase behavior of customers. Meanwhile, the variables that can have an impact on customers' purchase behavior have been considered. This study aimed to determine the causal relationship between relationship marketing and purchase behavior of spectators using structural equation modeling. ...

ith the Winter Olympics coming to Turin in February, 2006, bringing a million spectators and thousands of journalists, articles that describe this magnificent Italian city are becoming commonplace. Many journalists rightly feel that they should mention the city’s most famous artifact, the Shroud of Turin. And indeed they should. But what to write? Because the shroud is a religious object, belie...

Introduction The 2016 U.S. Olympic Track and Field Team Trials were held July 1-10 in Eugene, OR. This mass gathering included over 1,000 athletes, 1,500 volunteers, and 175,000 spectators. The Oregon Public Health Division (PHD) and Lane County Public Health (LCPH) participated in pre-event planning and collaborated to produce a daily epidemiology report for the Incident Management Team (IMT) ...

Because of reducing the number of spectators of football premier league, this study is seeking for identifying factors put the most impact on this decline. The statistical population consisted of all spectators in Iran football premier league in 2015-16, out of which 395 spectators were randomly selected as the research samples. The data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. The f...

This research investigated the role of two foci of identification (team and territory) on identity management strategies used by sport followers in the particular context of elite French rugby union. In study 1 which dealt with casual spectators (N = 153), the results corroborated numerous studies conducted in the North-American context and showed that team identification constitutes a strong d...

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to further understand the psychosocial drivers of crowds impacting on the demand for healthcare. This involved analysing different spectator crowds for medical usage at mass gatherings; more specifically, did different football team spectators (of the Australian Football League) generate different medical usage rates. METHODS In total, 317 games were a...