Transdermal diffusion studies of a polyherbal ointment were carried out in vito using franz- Diffusion cell and microbial one inhibition diameter as drug release monitoring parameters. Out of the three ointment base prepared, (Hydrocarbon Base (HB), surfactant Base (SB), Surfactant Base + (Penetration Enhancer (10 % DMSO) SBPE), we observed that SBPE possesses maximum drug release capacity, as ...

Regulatory mechanisms of soil respiratory carbon (C) release induced by substrates (i.e., plant derived substrates) are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sampled soils from a long-term field manipulative experiment and conducted a laboratory incubation to explore the role of substrate supply in regulating...

Cellulose and other plant fibre polymers are fermented in the rumen by a cellulolytic biofilm containing a complex mixture of microbial species. Polymer hydrolysis and fermentation are accompanied by the release of plant secondary “defence” chemicals such as tannins, saponins and coumarins. The release and microbial transformation of these compounds [4] modifies the gut environment and the proc...

This paper provides an overview on steered fermentation processes to release phenolic compounds from plant-based matrices, as well as on their potential application to convert phenolic compounds into unique metabolites. The ability of fermentation to improve the yield and to change the profile of phenolic compounds is mainly due to the release of bound phenolic compounds, as a consequence of th...

OBJECTIVE Repetitive interaction with microbial stimuli renders epithelial cells (ECs) hyporesponsive to microbial stimulation. Previously, we have reported that buccal ECs from a subset of paediatric patients with Crohn's disease are not hyporesponsive and spontaneously released chemokines. We now aimed to identify kinetics and mechanisms of acquisition of hyporesponsiveness to microbial stimu...

Sutures can cause challenging surgical site infections, due to capillary effects resulting in bacteria permeating wounds. Anti-microbial sutures may avoid these complications by inhibiting bacterial pathogens. Recently, first triclosan-resistances were reported and therefore alternative substances are becoming clinically relevant. As triclosan alternative chlorhexidine, the "gold standard" in o...

Roots constitute important plant organs for water and nutrient uptake. They, however, also release a wide range of carbon compounds of lowmolecular weight. This release can amount up to 30% of total net fixed carbon (Smith and Read 2008; Rovira 1991) and forms the basis for an environment inhabited by a highly diverse and active microbial community, the rhizosphere (Hiltner 1904; Hartmann et al...

liposomes as a drug carrier have numerous dominancy. liophilization is the most propr form of these products for long-term maintenance, but this procedure is affected by unstabilizing agent that results in destruction of membrane, release of content and change in size and microbial contamination hence for prevention of the adverse effects, the protective role of sugars such as: maltose, fructos...

Benthic primary producers in marine ecosystems may significantly alter biogeochemical cycling and microbial processes in their surrounding environment. To examine these interactions, we studied dissolved organic matter release by dominant benthic taxa and subsequent microbial remineralization in the lagoonal reefs of Moorea, French Polynesia. Rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and dissolved ...