background: the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway is one of the major signaling pathways that transmit intracellular signals initiated by extracellular stimuli to the nucleus. the stress-activated protein kinase (sapk)/c-jun nh2-terminal kinase is a subfamily of map kinases implicated in cytokine and stress responses. objective: in this study, we have examined total and phosphoryl...

Objective(s): Longan seeds have been used as a folk medicine in China. Longan seed extract (LSE) is known for antioxidative, antiproliferative, hypoglycemic, and hypouremic effects. However, its anti-inflammatory effect has not been shown. Materials and Methods: In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given LSE orally (vehicle, 10, and 30 mg/kg) for 3 days to its test anti-inflammatory eff...

The mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homologue p38 has been shown to be activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as physical and chemical stresses. We now show that a variety of hemopoietic growth factors, including Steel locus factor, colony stimulating factor-1, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and interleukin-3, activate p38 MAP kinase and the downstre...

Aging, as a major risk factor of memory deficiency, affects neural signaling pathways in hippocampus. In particular, age-dependent androgens deficiency causes cognitive impairments. Several enzymes like protein kinase C (PKC) are involved in memory deficiency. Indeed, PKC regulatory process mediates α-secretase activation to cleave APP in β-amyloid cascade and tau proteins phosphorylation mecha...

Previous genetic analysis has shown that dos/soc-1/Gab1 functions positively in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-stimulated Ras/Map kinase signaling through the recruitment of csw/ptp-2/Shp2. Using sensitized assays in Caenorhabditis elegans for let-23/Egfr and daf-2/InsR (insulin receptor-like) signaling, it is shown that soc-1/Gab1 inhibits phospholipase C-gamma (PLCgamma) and phosphatidylinosi...

The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are believed to act as critical signal transducers between stress stimuli and transcriptional responses in mammalian cells. However, it is not known whether these signaling cascades also participate in the response to injury in human tissues. To determine whether injury to the vastus lateralis muscle activates MAP kinase signaling in...

Previous genetic analysis has shown that dos/soc-1/Gab1 functions positively in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) stimulated Ras/Map kinase signaling, through the recruitment of csw/ptp-2/Shp2. Using sensitised assays in Caenorhabditis elegans for let-23/Egfr and daf-2/InsR (Insulin receptor-like) signaling, it is shown that soc-1/Gab1 inhibits phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) and phosphatidylinositol 3’-...