OBJECTIVES Dispositional optimism is often considered to be a unidimensional construct. Recent studies suggest, however, that optimism and pessimism are separate dimensions. In this study we investigated two issues. First, the levels of optimism and pessimism in adolescents with cancer compared with healthy controls and second, the individual effects of optimism and pessimism on concurrent and ...

conclusions it is suggested to consider practical programs to maintain religious believes in students. materials and methods this was a descriptive analytic study. study population was 370 students selected by census sampling from all students of this faculty. gathering data tools were religious attitude questionnaire (golriz and brahani 1974) and life orientation test questionnaire (lot-r). re...

In leadership research, the Dark Triad of personality has become a topic great interest. This construct includes traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and subclinical psychopathy is associated with several negative outcomes for organizations followers’ satisfaction. contrast, psychological capital, which hope, resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, positively related to extra-role organizational c...

BACKGROUND Although higher optimism has been linked with an array of positive health behaviors, biological processes, and cardiovascular outcomes, the relationship between optimism and heart failure has not been examined. In the United States, 80% of heart failures occur in adults aged 65+ years. Therefore, we examined whether higher optimism was linked with a reduced incidence of heart failure...

OBJECTIVE Psychological and physical health are often conceptualized as the absence of disease; there is less research that addresses positive psychological and physical functioning. For example, optimism has been linked with reduced disease risk and biological dysfunction, but very little research has evaluated associations with markers of healthy biological functioning. Thus, we investigated ...

In last January’s Manager column, “Fear of Trying: The Plight of the Rookie Project Manager,” Roger Pressman asked a question critical to the future of our profession: “So, how do we grow a good project manager? What do we teach the rookie who has just been appointed to lead her first software project?” Instead of answering this question directly, Pressman focused his article on four key skills...