introduction: based on human studies, inequality and social injustice have adverse effects on the individual and community health. in this study, the effects of food intake inequality and social status changes on pain perception and immunological factors were investigated in balb/c mice. methods: the present study was conducted by implementing different social stresses including food deprivatio...

the cytokine of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the female reproductive tract and has embryonic trophic effect in mammals. the objective of this study was to examine the optimal dosage of gm-csf to improve the mouse embryo development in vitro. to collect two and eight cells embryos, the pregnant nmri mice were sacrificed by c...

Background: Immune cells perform unique functions against infections and imbalances in immunity associated with various diseases. Applying natural products may control immune responses. Among herbals, much attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory functions of Allium sativum. However, the effects of other Allium species on the immune system have remained undiscovered. Therefore, the curre...

background: in recent years, immunocompromised patients are at high risk for the development of invasive aspergillosis. due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance, natural agents with medicinal and immunomodulatory effects has gained more attention. honey is a natural substance with documented antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory and wound healing effects. objectives: the purpose of this study ...

Background: Macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to Mtb secretory antigens, namely ESAT-6, CFP-10, and ESAT-6/CFP-10.Methods: THP-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The cytotoxici...

Background: Based on the reports, Aloe vera extract, a herbal medicine, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, this medicinal plant has considerable effects on innate immunity through cytokine secretion which resist fungal infections such as Candida albicans. Moreover, Aloe vera is considered as immunomodulatory agent and regulate inflammatory responses. Materials and Methods: I...

The parasites of genus Leishmania are the causative agents of one of the most widespread and devastating diseases. According to follow-up data, these medications may provoke adverse drug reactions, drug resistance, relapse as well as financial burden. The mechanism of action of opioid drugs are primarily exerted via transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. One of the potent synthetic immunomo...

background: macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to mtb secretory antigens, namely esat-6, cfp-10, and esat-6/cfp-10. methods: thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. the cytotoxic...

Macrophage activation syndrome is a form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the setting autoimmune diseases. It’s rare, hyperinflammatory complication requiring prompt institution therapy to prevent organ dysfunction and death. We report young female presenting with macrophage multiorgan failure diffuse alveolar hemorrhage inaugural systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient was ...