under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (drrs) are introduced as a virtual power plant to enhance power system adequacy. drrs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factors. in this paper, a reliability model of a drr is constructed as multi-state conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can...

This paper proposes an optimal transmission expansion planning (TEP) which is based on determining share of each line in merchandizing surplus (MS) of system, determining by Independent System Operator (ISO). The more share of a line in MS of system denotes the priority of a line for expansion. The procedure of determining MS of each line in a power system is based on determining the MS share o...

Nowadays, congestion management is one of the major tasks accomplished by system operators to warrant the operation of transmission system within operating limits. This has resulted in unanticipated congestion interfaces in regional transmission systems. The system is, however, unable to evolve at a rate which is required to meet the quickly changing demand of competitive markets. To make the m...

Abstract Using data from the 545 largest European cities, we study whether expansion of their highway capacity provides a solution to problem traffic congestion. Our results confirm that in long run, and line with ‘fundamental law congestion’, cities lane kilometres causes an increase vehicle does not solve urban We disentangle due increases coverage capacity. further introduce road pricing pub...

Under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (DRRs) are introduced as a virtual power plant to enhance power system adequacy. DRRs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factors. In this paper, a reliability model of a DRR is constructed as multi-state conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can...

In a deregulated power systems environment, congestion management is one of the technical problem needs to maintain a system as stable condition. One of the objective functions in congestion management is N-1 contingency analysis. Using N-1 contingency analysis find out the worst line outage and analysis that line, maintain the whole system as stable after the line outage. Two types of Methodol...

Congestion management is a task performed by Independent System Operator (ISO) to ensure the operation of transmission system within limits. In an emerging electric power market, congestion management is highly important and inefficient management can be a barrier to electricity trading. To minimize congestion, it is required to maximize transmission line generation and decrease its cost. A Hyb...

This paper presents a congestion management methodology in deregulated power systems by optimal location and sizing of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in a transmission network. A multiobjective optimization problem has been developed by considering total congestion cost, power loss and system severity. A Fuzzy based approach has been proposed to identify the optimal location and sizing of...

This paper deals with the problem of congestion control in a next-generation heterogeneous network scenario. The algorithm runs in the ‘edge’ routers (the routers collecting the traffic between two different networks) with the aim of avoiding congestion in both the network and the edge routers. The proposed algorithm extends congestion control algorithms based on the Smith’s principle: i) the c...