In the last few years femtosecond optical vortex beams with different spatial distributions of the state of polarization (e.g. azimuthal, radial, spiral, etc.) have been used to generate complex, regular surface patterns on different materials. Here we present an experimental investigation on direct femtosecond laser surface structuring based on a larger class of vector beams generated by means...

Generation of high-current proton beams of parameters scalable to those required for fast ignition of a fusion target was studied numerically and experimentally. Using a hydrodynamic relativistic 2D code, it was found that laser-induced skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration (SLPA) makes possible to produce collimated proton beams of MA currents and TA/cm current densities at relativistic laser ...

The angular momentum of light can be described by positions on a higher-order Poincaré sphere, where superpositions of spin and orbital angular momentum states give rise to laser beams that have many applications, from microscopy to materials processing. Many techniques exist to create such beams but none so far allow their creation at the source. Here we report on a new class of laser that is ...

Physics with neutrino beams has played a crucial role in establishing the standard model and its structure, specifically in leading to the discovery of weak neutral currents and of their properties. Currently, while the physics of neutrinos gives us the first evidence of physics beyond the standard model, the use of neutrinos as probes appears to be the only way of accessing subtle details of t...

The crystallization of ion beams has recently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS (PAul Laser CooLing Acceleration System) for laser-cooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpectedly sharp constraints had to be met concerning the confinement strength and the longitudinal laser cooling rate. In this paper, related and up to now unseen heating mechanisms a...

We propose the laser cooling of bunched relativistic beams of Alkaline-like and especially all Lithium-like ions in SIS 100/300, where due to the huge Doppler-shifts (γmax=35; Bρ=300Tm) optical ground state transitions can be excited employing existing laser technology. To avoid optical pumping between hyperfine levels e-e nuclei are preferred. The principle aim is the strong improvement of the...

Recent advances in electron and positron sources have resulted in new capabilities driven in most cases by the increasing demands of advanced accelerating systems. Electron sources for brighter beams and for high average-current beams are described. The status and remaining challenges for polarized electron beams are also discussed. For positron sources, recent activity in the development of po...

The shaping of laser beams has developed into a powerful tool for optical micromanipulation. In this context, Airy and parabolic laser beams which follow curved trajectories have drawn considerable attention. These beams may allow clearing of microparticles through particle transport along curved paths, a concept termed "optically mediated particle clearing (OMPC)." In this communication we app...

We report on the first laser cooling of a bunched beam of multiply charged C ions performed at the ESR (GSI) at a beam energy of E = 1.47GeV. Moderate bunching provided a force counteracting the decelerating laser force of one counterpropagating laser beam. This versatile type of laser cooling lead to longitudinally space-charge dominated beams with an unprecedented momentum spread of ∆p/p ≈ 10...

LLE Review, Volume 118 68 Laser-generated relativistic electron beams have applications in compact, high-brightness laser–plasma particle accelerators,1 narrowband x-ray sources for medical applications,2 x-ray sources for ignition-scale, high-density inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target backlighter radiography,3 collimated electron beams for free-electron lasers,4 and collimated electron b...