This study was aimed to determine the current antibiotic resistance of Lactococcus garvieae, which causes significant economic losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. For study, three farms located around a stream were visited two consecutive disease outbreaks. Bacteria isolated from diseased fish and all bacterial isolates identified using conventional molecular methods. Then, the...

Lactococcosis disease incident caused by Lactococcus garvieae has been increased with increasing aquaculture productions and outbreaks of the disease have become a threat on farmed species. To prevent lactococcosis, inactivated vaccine has been used, however, it only provides protection when given by injection. Other than inactivated vaccine, various vaccines such as subunit vaccines c...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Streptococcosis/lactococcosis is a hyperacute systemic disease that can occur in marine and fresh waters of many species of fish. The aim of this work was to study the disease outbreak in the major rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS 108 Gram positive cocci isolates were obtained from diseased trout in seven provinces with ma...

The incidence of Lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms is disquieting and increasing in recent years. Knowledge of biotypes and serotypes involved in disease incidence is essential to adopt disease prevention and control policies. Twelve isolates of L. garvieae from some rainbow trout farms were identified by phenotypic, bioche...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Streptococcosis/lactococcosis is the cause of high morbidity and mortality in aquaculture sector and to date a number of species of Streptococcus and Lactococcus genera including S. iniae, S. agalactiae, S. dysagalactiae, S. parauberis, S. feacalis, L. garvieae and L. lactis have been discriminated as the cause of disease in aquatic animals. Despite the use of diagnosti...

a total of 200 moribund rainbow trout with clinical signs of a hyperacute haemorrhagic septicemia were collected from rainbow trout farms in fars, kohkiloyeh-boyer ahmad and charmohal-bakhtiari provinces in the south and southwest of iran during summer 2002 to winter 2008 for detection of lactococcus garvieae, the causative agent of lactococcosis. fish kidney samples were cultured aseptically o...