Background: Decompressive laminectomy is the most common operation performed to treat spinal stenosis. This study was performed in order to evaluate surgical outcomes between laminectomy at the L3/L4 level compared with L4/ L5. Methods: The patients diagnosed with one level stenosis at L3/L4 or L4/ L5 who were candidate for surgery entered into this cross-sectional study. The outcome measures w...

A variety of cellular and viral processes are coordinately regulated during adenovirus (Ad) infection to achieve optimal virus production. The Ad late gene product L4-22K has been associated with disparate activities during infection, including the regulation of late gene expression, viral DNA packaging, and infectious virus production. We generated and characterized two L4-22K mutant viruses t...

IFN-l4 is a novel type-III interferon with strong clinical significance in humans. Only a subset of individuals—up to 10% of Asians, 50% of Europeans, and 90% of Africans—carry theDG allele of a genetic variant rs368234815-TT/DG and are genetically able to produce IFN-l4 protein. Carriers of the DG allele have impaired ability to clear infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). IFN-l4 is also pred...

STUDY DESIGN Radiological analysis. PURPOSE To investigate sacralization of L5 on radiological studies of degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4-L5. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Degenerative spondylolisthesis commonly develops at L4-L5. Sacralization of L5 is thought to cause stress concentration at this level, which accentuates degenerative changes and promotes development of degenerative spondylo...

of lumbar spine showing LI, L2, L4, and L5 vertebrae with vestiges of posterior elements ofL3 (arrowed). Note codfish appearance ofL2, L4, and LS. Right: lateral view oflumbar spine showing narrowing ofdisc spaces ofT12 andL I and kyphos between L2 and L4, pseudo-Schmorl's nodes at upper and lower surfaces of T12, and bridging anterio-lateral osteophytes between L2 and L4. Only vestiges ofposte...

Thalamocortical circuits are central to sensory and cognitive processing. Recent work suggests that the thalamocortical inputs onto L4 and L6, the main input layers of neocortex, are activated differently by visual stimulation. Whether these differences depend on layer-specific organization of thalamocortical circuits; or on specific properties of synapses onto receiving neurons is unknown. Her...

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a major health problem for which effective drug treatment lacking. Its underlying neuronal mechanisms are still illusive, but pre-clinical studies using animal models of PNP including the L5-spinal nerve axotomy (L5-SNA) model, suggest that it partly caused by excitability changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. L5-SNA results two DRG groups: (1) axot...

The motor cortex (M1) is classically considered an agranular area, lacking a distinct layer 4 (L4). Here, we tested the idea that M1, despite lacking a cytoarchitecturally visible L4, nevertheless possesses its equivalent in the form of excitatory neurons with input-output circuits like those of the L4 neurons in sensory areas. Consistent with this idea, we found that neurons located in a thin ...

Ribosomal protein L4 of Escherichia coli autogenously regulates both transcription and translation of the 11-gene S10 operon. Transcription regulation occurs by L4-stimulated premature termination at an attenuator hairpin in the S10 leader. This effect can be reproduced in vitro but depends on the addition of transcription factor NusA. We show that NusA is required to promote RNA polymerase pau...