This study uses " Multiple Indicators – Multiple Causes" (MIMIC) approach to model the causal relations between main variables, which determine the underground economy in Iran. we Basically, it examines the relationship between underground and official GDP in Iran, using annual time-series data for Iran during 1965 – 2005. Accordingly, it is found that the estimated size of the underground ...

The article presents the results of scientific research devoted to study tourism in countries Far East, obtained at one its stages. purpose is characterize state rural Iran. shows how attitude has changed this country, uncovering main reasons for growth domestic and international tourist flows recent years. There are several areas Iran, which include visits historical villages free trade zones,...

Population of Iran as a Middle Eastern country with its population growth rate of about 1.3% has passed 80 million in 2016. Iran has a young population and it was reported that in 2013 sixty percent of its population was under the age of 30. However, due to a substantial decrease in population growth rate and increase in life expectancy, Iran will face an aging population in coming decades. Wit...

The objectives of this study is to investigate the responses of livestock economic variables (namely, output, consumption, prices, labor and capital) to changes in agricultural productivity, monetary, oil revenue and government spending (fiscal policy). To do so, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is constructed for Iran economy disaggregating livestock. Accordingly, the empi...

Climate-related hazards such as sand and dust storms (SDS) have various impacts on human health, socio-economy, environment, agroecosystems. Iran has been severely affected by domestic external SDS during the last two decades. Considering fragile economy of Iran’s rural areas strong dependence livelihood agroecosystems, cause serious damage to communities. Therefore, there is an urgent need con...

In this paper we propose a conditional logic IBC to represent iterated belief revision. We define an iterated belief revision system by strengthening the postulates proposed by Darwiche and Pearl [3]. First, following the line of Darwiche and Pearl, we modify AGM postulates to make belief revision a function of epistemic states rather than of belief sets. Then we propose a set of postulates for...

in this research، job opportunities have been examined among 26 productive sectors of iran's economy by using input-output table in 2001.from viewpoint of employment ،production and value added، the key sectors has been diagnosed by using mri ، elasticity of input-output table، backward and forward linkages and june's corrective methods. then، job opportunities has been analyzed among...

The consequences of COVID-19 on the economy and agriculture have raised many concerns about global food security, especially in developing countries. Given that security is a critical component affected by crises, beside limited studies carried out macro-impacts Iran, this paper an attempt to address dynamic impacts along with economic environmental challenges Iran. For purpose, survey was cond...