Bidirectional reflectance distribution function provides a physical description of material appearance. In particular, it helps to describe the gloss. We suggest that, at least, one attribute of gloss: Contrast gloss (luster), may be described directly from an image by using local image contrast measurement. In this article, we investigate the relation between image contrast measures, gloss per...

In this article, the authors reproduce gloss unevenness on a paper surface by expanding the Torrance–Sparrow model, which is based on the measurement and analysis of mesoscopic facets on paper. As the conventional Torrance–Sparrow model only considers macroscopic and microscopic facets, the authors expand the model to be able to consider mesoscopic facets. The normal vectors of mesoscopic facet...

Human observers are able to make fine discriminations of surface gloss. What cues are they using to perform this task? In previous studies, we identified two reflection-related cues—the contrast of the reflected image (c, contrast gloss) and the sharpness of reflected image (d, distinctness-of-image gloss)--but these were for objects rendered in standard dynamic range (SDR) images with compress...

The contrast gloss and the average roughness were measured for four commercial composite filling materials. Using a factorial design, each material was subjected to four available finishing methods. A significant difference was found in the contrast gloss among finishing methods, and a significant linear regression is given which relates the inverse of the contrast gloss to the average roughnes...

We experience vivid percepts of objects and materials despite complexities in the way images are structured by the interaction of light with surface properties (3D shape, albedo, and gloss or specularity). Although the perception of gloss (and lightness) has been argued to depend on image statistics (e.g., sub-band skew), studies have shown that perceived gloss depends critically on the structu...

one of the problems of learners that often impairs learning a second language is syntactic errors. therefore, the present study investigates the syntactic errors of arab speakers learning persian. this research is based on contrastive analysis approach. in this article, interlingual syntactic errors committed in learner’s writings are studied, using field method and through a content analysis o...

We present two methods for automatic indexing, which are based on an interlingual layer of content description. In the first approach, we acquire indexing patterns from English documents by statistically relating interlingual representations of English documents (based on text token bigrams) to their associated

Gloss measurements are used to evaluate the quality and appearance of a product, especially in cases where esthetic appearance is of importance. Most commercial glossmeters are designed for measuring products of flat surface and therefore are not suitable for food products because of their uneven, curved surface. A new generation of commercial glossmeters is recently available for confined area...