The functionalization of bentonite by intercalation of surfactants dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, and the octadecyltrimethylammonium cation is described. Products are characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT–IR spectra, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Laminar amine-clay nanocomposites contain about one mol amine per (Si,Al)4 clay unit, while the cationic s...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw with polyaxial screw and rod system supplemented with miniplate for interlaminar fusion to treat various atlantoaxial instabilities. METHODS After posterior atlantoaxial fixation with lateral mass screw in the atlas and pedicle screw in the axis, we used 2 miniplates to fixate interlaminar iliac bone graft ...

Layered composites subject to impacts can fail by delamination, i.e. by debonding between laminae, if the stress waves cause damaging phenomena to take place mainly within the resin-enriched interlaminar phases. To simulate delamination at the structural level, processes dissipating energy are lumped onto fictitious zero-thickness interlaminar surfaces, and softening interface constitutive laws...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

I enjoyed reading the guidelines provided by the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (Pain Physician 2007; 10:7-111). The guidelines are extensive, informative, and practical. These continue to be an asset for practices in interventional pain management since 2005. However, I would like to point out an error. In the evidence section for transforaminal epidural steroid injections ...

In this paper, a method is proposed to actively control interlaminar stresses near the free edges of laminated composites by though-thickness thermal gradients. Theoretical solutions are given for optimal steady-state throughthickness temperature distributions under uniaxial loading that are required to eliminate or reduce the interlaminar stresses below a prescribed level. The optimal solution...

BACKGROUND Epidural injections are performed utilizing 3 approaches in the lumbar spine: caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal. The literature on the efficacy of epidural injections has been sporadic. There are few high-quality randomized trials performed under fluoroscopy in managing disc herniation that have a long-term follow-up and appropriate outcome parameters. There is also a lack of ...

OBJECT Extensive decompression with laminectomy where appropriate is often still described as the method of choice in surgery for lateral recess stenosis. Nonetheless, tissue-sparing procedures are becoming more common. Endoscopic techniques have become the standard in many areas because of the advantages they offer in surgical technique and in rehabilitation. Transforaminal and interlaminar ac...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inadvertent intrafacet injection can occur during interlaminar epidural steroid injection, resulting in a false-positive loss of resistance and nontarget injection of medication. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the observed rates of this phenomenon during lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injection performed by using conventional fluoroscopic and CT fl...

We read with great interest a recent study by Ghai et al (1) wherein they followed 56 out of 69 randomized patients for 12 months following parasagittal interlaminar (PIL) injection with local anesthetics (LA) alone or LA with steroid (LS). We agree with author’s choice of technique to achieve adequate and consistent ventral epidural spread of injectate. Parasagittal interlaminar epidural stero...