PURPOSE To investigate the site and the cellular source of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in human S-antigen peptide-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). METHODS Twenty-one Lewis rats were sensitized with human S-antigen peptides. Three rats were killed each consecutive day from day 6 through day 12 after sensitization. Frozen sections of the enucleated eyes...

The aim of this study was to demonstrate iNOS mRNA expression in muscular phase of experimental trichinellosis and to localize iNOS protein in T. spiralis-infected muscles using specific anti-iNOS monoclonal antibodies. The expression of iNOS mRNA in skeletal muscles from Trichinella spiralis-infected mice was examined using the reverse transcription PCR assay. Fragments of skeletal muscles wer...

reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros/rns) play a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) exacerbating the chronic inflammatory process. endogenous and diet antioxidants can neutralize these compounds. the apple is widely consumed, with several antioxidant activity compounds. the present study evaluated the effects of concentrated apple extract (cae) in acetic acid induced colitis....

To investigate whether caveolin-1 (cav-1) may modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) function in intact cells, the human intestinal carcinoma cell lines HT29 and DLD1 that have low endogenous cav-1 levels were transfected with cav-1 cDNA. In nontransfected cells, iNOS mRNA and protein levels were increased by the addition of a mix of cytokines. Ectopic expression of cav-1 in both cell ...

Stimulation by a number of conditions, including infection, cytokines, mechanical injury, and hypoxia, can upregulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hepatocytes. We observed that exposure to hypergravity significantly upregulated the transcription of the hepatic iNOS gene. The aim of this study was to confirm our preliminary data, and to further investigate the distribution of the iN...

Hypoxia upregulates endothelial (e) nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but how eNOS affects soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) protein expression in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension is unknown. Wild-type (WT), eNOS-deficient [eNOS(-/-)], and inducible NOS (iNOS)-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were used to investigate the effects of lack of NO from different NOS isoforms on sGC activity and protein exp...

Nitric oxide (NO) production through the inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway is increased in inflammatory diseases and leads to cellular injury. Anti-inflammatory steroids inhibit the expression of various inflammatory genes, including iNOS. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism how dexamethasone decreased NO production in murine J774 macrophages. Dexamethasone (0.1-10 ...

Of the individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, 20-30% will develop the neurological complication of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). The mechanisms underlying HAD are unknown; however, indirect immunologically mediated mechanisms are theorized to play a role. Recently, the HIV-1 coat protein gp41 has been implicated as a major mediator of HAD through induction of n...

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA is up-regulated in vivo by dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP), the purine-2y receptor agonist 2-methylthio-ATP and Escherichia coli endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ethanol and diethyldithiocarbamate inhibit LPS-stimulated iNOS mRNA. Their effects on db-cAMP- and 2-methylthio-ATP-stimulated iNOS mRNA remain undefined. We examined the effect of ethanol (4.5 g...

Brains from subjects who have Alzheimer's disease (AD) express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We tested the hypothesis that iNOS contributes to AD pathogenesis. Immunoreactive iNOS was detected in brains of mice with AD-like disease resulting from transgenic expression of mutant human beta-amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and presenilin-1 (hPS1). We bred hAPP-, hPS1-double transgenic m...