This paper aims to explore the roots of nativist discourse among Iranian intellectuals in 20th century prior Islamic Revolution, a based on Eastern authenticity and felt need for return Islamic, Persian, or Asian traditions. general tendency took various forms anti- even pro-regime intellectuals, including severe anti-modernist evaluations Al-e-Ahmad, Hossein Nasr, Ahmad Fardid, Ehsan Naraqi. m...

The rise of European science during the Renaissance is greatly indebted to the flourishing of the sciences during the Islamic Golden Age. However, some believe that medieval Islamic physicians and in particular surgeons had been merely a medium for Greco-Roman ideas. Contrarily, in some medieval Islamic medical books, such as Al-Tasrif of Al-Zahrawi (936-1013), the surgical instructions represe...

Tiling Theory studies how one might cover the plane with various shapes. Medieval Islamic artisans developed intricate geometric tilings to decorate their mosques, mausoleums, and shrines. Some of these patterns, called girih tilings, first appeared in the 12 Century AD. Recent investigations show these medieval tilings contain symmetries similar to those found in aperiodic Penrose tilings firs...

Galen’s Logic: Aristotelian Heritage or Scientifi c Innovation? V.L. Vasyukov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 The evolution of Vesalius’s perspective on Galen’s anatomy D. Lanska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Galen’s Logic: Aristotelian Heritage or Scientifi c Innovation? V.L. Vasyukov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 The evolution of Vesalius’s perspective on Galen’s anatomy D. Lanska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Numerous economic historians have suggested that institutions which supported contract enforcement were necessary for impersonal exchange to emerge in medieval Europe. Yet this literature cannot account for the bill of exchange, an important financial instrument that was legally enforced in both the medieval Islamic and Christian worlds but remained relegated to personal networks in only the fo...

Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni's Hidayat al-muta'allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare) prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The prese...

Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine, Arab-Islamic medicine, or Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine refers to medicine developed in the Golden Age of the Arab-Islamic civilization, which extended from Spain in the west to Central Asia and India in the east. In temporal terms it covered a period of roughly nine centuries, from the middle of the seventh to the end of the fifteenth century. Medicine was ...

The image of Roger Bacon as a 'modern' experimental scientist was propagated as historical truth in 19th century scientific historiography. Twentieth century criticisms attacked this tradition, arguing that Bacon was primarily a medieval philosopher with 'medieval' scientific interests. However, recent scholarship has provided a more careful and critical account of Bacon's science, and identifi...