rabies is acutely fatal encephalitis caused by a neurotropic virus. this virus belongs to the family ofrhabdoviridae and genus of lyssavirus. the virus is almost always transmitted to human through infectedmammalian saliva. rabies is inoculated to a wound by an infected animal bite. since infection is establishedin the cns, the outcome is almost always fatal. according to the outstanding role o...

Background: In Iran scince 1992, hepatitis B vaccination was a part of the national vaccination program. Hepatitis B vaccination is effective in the epidemiology of hepatitis B. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the long – term persistence of immunity. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on children and adolescents aged between 6-18 years in Birjand, who recei...

Un-methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) has been considered as a powerful vaccine adjuvant and recognition of CpG-ODN by chicken leukocytes promotes their ability to fight against infections. In our study, efficacy of different routes of CpG-ODN application as an adjuvant on immune responses (antibody titer together with leukogram) following vaccination agains...

Aim: To investigate the clinical characteristics of diabetic patients with a low-titer positive for the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody (GAD antibody). Methods: The subjects were 420 diabetic inpatients. The endogenous insulin secretion was estimated on the basis of the Cpeptide immunoreactivity from a 24 h urine collection (uCPR). Clinical variables were compared between patients ...

Background: Selective antibody deficiency with normal immunoglobulins (SADNI) may be identified as part of distinct primary or secondary immunodeficiency disorders. The clinical manifestations include recurrent, often severe or prolonged, upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Objectives: To evaluate SADNI in patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and its relation to IgG subclas...

Polylactide (PLA) polymer particles entrapping tetanus toxoid (TT) were evaluated in terms of particle size, antigen load, dose and additional adjuvant for achieving high and sustained anti-TT antibody titer from single point intramuscular immunization. Admixture of polymer entrapped TT and alum improved the immune response in comparison to particle-based immunization. High and long lasting ant...

in order to study and evaluate the indirect immunofluorescent test and the ratio of cd41ymphocytes to cd8 lymphocytes, 97 cases of positive candida cultures were selected from among 400 patients referring to the hospital and suspected of candidiasis. in this study 39% of the patients had an antibody titer less than 1: 160 no significant correlation was seen between canclidiasis and the results ...