periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease which represents a primarily anaerobic gram‑negative oral infection that results in gingival inflammation, loss of attachment, bone destruction. bacterial endotoxins in the form of lipopolysaccharides (lps) that are instrumentalin generating a host‑mediated tissue destructive immune response by mobilizing their defensivecells and releasing c...

Background: Splenic infarction (SI) is a rare clinical entity seldom encountered in veterinary medicine. Its most frequent causes include thromboembolic status, splenomegaly, and cardiac disease. Although thrombotic elements from the circulation provide the most common context for thromboembolic SIs, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) has not been reported as an underlying...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, including Crohns’ disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both characterized by a clinical relapsing course an immune-mediated pathogenesis [...]