OBJECTIVES Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmannil C. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine espe...

We have explored the regulatory roles played by Ca2+-dependent signaling on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release in mouse peritoneal macrophages. To elevate intracellular Ca2+, we used thapsigargin (TG) and UTP. Although LPS alone cannot stimulate NO synthesis, co-addition with TG, ...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces osteoclast-like cell (osteoclast) formation in a dose-dependent fashion in cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblastic cells when soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is present. Simultaneous treatment with submaximal doses of IL-1alpha and IL-6 with sIL-6R caused marked induction of osteoclast formation and PGE2 synthesis. These effects were suppressed by addi...

OBJECTIVE To observe the discrepancies of responses induced by Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) normal cercaria antigen (NCA) and ultraviolet (UV) -radiation-attenuated cercaria antigen (UVACA) in an in vitro system. METHODS S. japonicum cercariae were collected and UVACA and NCA were prepared. Mouse macrophage model cells (RAW 264.7) were treated with medium, NCA (40 µg/mL) or UVACA (40 ...

Th17 cells are critically involved in autoimmune disease induction and severity. Recently, we showed that Th17 cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly induced a proinflammatory loop upon interaction with RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF), including increased autocrine IL-17A production. To unravel the mechanism driving this IL-17A production, we obtained primary CD4(+)CD45RO(+)...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modulates a variety of physiological processes including the production of inflammatory cytokines. There are two cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzymes, Cox-1 and Cox-2, that are responsible for initiating PGE2 synthesis. These isozymes catalyze identical biosynthetic reactions but are regulated by different mechanisms in the cell. This report examines differences in the roles of ...

Periodontal disease is accompanied by inflammation of the gingiva and destruction of periodontal tissues, leading to alveolar bone loss in severe clinical cases. The chemical mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-)6 and IL-8 have been known to play important roles in inflammatory responses and tissue degradation. In the present study, we investigated the effect...

Macrophage production of nitric oxide (.N = O) leads to considerable alterations of vital metabolic pathways in various target cells. The present study tested whether .N = O synthesis by Kupffer cells (KCs), the resident macrophages of the liver, interferes with the secretory function of these cells. As in other macrophage-type cells, the combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-g...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate the primary immune response and whose functional properties in vivo depend on the maturation stimulus. We describe the functional properties of human monocyte-derived DCs after the maturation of immature DCs (iDCs) for 2 days with LPS (100 ng/ml), PGE2 (1 μg/ml), CD40L (1 μg/ml) or IL-18 (200 ng/ml) and with CD40L+PGE2 and ...

background: bone resorption is one of the main features of inflammatory periapical lesions and is mainly mediated by interleukin-1 beta (il-1β), tumor necrosis factoralpha (tnf-α) and prostaglandin-e2 (pge2). recent investigations of these lesions revealed that pharmacological modulation may be possible. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen on il-1β, tnf-α an...